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Google will allow users to sideload Android apps without verification

svat

From the very first announcement of this, Google has hinted that they were doing this under pressure from the governments in a few countries. (I don't remember the URL of the first announcement, but https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2025/08/elevating-... is from 2025-August-25 and mentions “These requirements go into effect in Brazil, Indonesia, Singapore, and Thailand”.) The “Why verification is important” section of this blog post goes into a bit more detail (see also the We are designing this flow specifically to resist coercion, ensuring that users aren't tricked into bypassing these safety checks while under pressure from a scammer), but ultimately the point is:

there cannot exist an easy way for a typical non-technical user to install “unverified apps” (whatever that means), because the governments of countries where such scams are widespread will hold Google responsible.

Meanwhile this very fact seems fundamentally unacceptable to many, so there will be no end to this discourse IMO.

xg15

> there cannot exist an easy way for a typical non-technical user to install “unverified apps” (whatever that means), because the governments of countries where such scams are widespread will hold Google responsible.

You can also view this as a "tragedy of the commons" situation. Unverified apps and sideloading is actively abused by scammers right now.

> Meanwhile this very fact seems fundamentally unacceptable to many, so there will be no end to this discourse IMO.

I get that viewpoint and I'm also very glad an opt-out now exists (and the risk that the verification would be abused is also very real), but yeah, more information what to do against scammers then would also be needed.

thisislife2

I don't buy this argument at all that this specific implementation is under pressure from the government - if the problem is indeed malware getting access to personal data, then the very obvious solution is ensure that such personal data is not accessible by apps in the first place! Why should apps have access to a user's SMS / RCS? (Yeah, I know it makes onboarding easy and all, if an app can access your OTP. But that's a minor convenience that can be sacrificed if it is also being used for scams by malware apps).

But that kind of privacy based security model is anathema to Google because its whole business model is based on violating its users' privacy. And that's why they have come with such convoluted implementation that further give them control over a user's device. Obviously some government's too may favour such an approach as they too can then use Google or Apple to exert control over their citizens (through censorship or denial of services).

Lammy

Google have their own reasons too. They would love to kill off YouTube ReVanced and other haxx0red clients that give features for free which Google would rather sell you on subscription.

Just look at everything they've done to break yt-dlp over and over again. In fact their newest countermeasure is a frontpage story right beside this one: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45898407

svat

I can easily believe that Google's YouTube team would love to kill off such apps, if they can make a significant (say ≥1%) impact on revenue. (After all, being able to make money from views is an actual part of the YouTube product features that they promise to “creators”, which would be undermined if they made it too easy to circumvent.)

But having seen how things work at large companies including Google, I find it less likely for Google's Android team to be allocating resources or making major policy decisions by considering the YouTube team. :-) (Of course if Android happened to make a change that negatively affected YouTube revenue, things may get escalated and the change may get rolled back as in the infamous Chrome-vs-Ads case, but those situations are very rare.) Taking their explanation at face value (their anti-malware team couldn't keep up: bad actors can spin up new harmful apps instantly. It becomes an endless game of whack-a-mole. Verification changes the math by forcing them to use a real identity) seems justified in this case.

My point though was that whatever the ultimate stable equilibrium becomes, it will be one in which the set of apps that the average person can easily install is limited in some way — I think Google's proposed solution here (hobbyists can make apps having not many users, and “experienced users” can opt out of the security measures) is actually a “least bad” compromise, but still not a happy outcome for those who would like a world where anyone can write apps that anyone can install.

Aurornis

You’re still proving the point above, which is ignoring the fact that the restriction is specifically targeted at a small number of countries. Google is also rolling out processes for advanced users to install apps. It’s all in the linked post (which apparently isn’t being read by the people injecting their own assumptions)

Google is not rolling this out to protect against YouTube ReVanced but only in a small number of countries. That’s an illogical conclusion to draw from the facts.

unsungNovelty

Its my device. Not google's. Imagine telling you which NPM/PIP packages you can install from your terminal.

Also, its not SIDE loading. Its installing an app.

charcircuit

You would still be able to adb installs them. They wouldn't die.

gdulli

Developers of these apps would have little motivation if the maximum audience size was cut down to the very few who would use adb. The ecosystem would die.

gblargg

Somehow I think having to use ADB instead of something like F-Droid with automatic updates would put a damper on things.

AuthError

how many people ll do this though? i would expect sub 1% conversion from existing users if they had to do that

null

[deleted]

tomrod

I bought the hardware, therefore I have the right to modify and repair. Natural right, full stop. That right ends are your nose, as the saying goes.

kccqzy

Consider whether your natural right argument might not stand in several other countries’ legal systems.

The era of United States companies using common sense United States principles for the whole world is coming to an end.

orbital-decay

Okay, but currently it's the opposite: an US company is forcing the principles of these few legal systems for the whole world.

ashikns

Yeah then you have the choice to not buy the locked down hardware, you don't have a right to get open hardware FROM Google.

Of course there are no good options for open hardware, but that is a related but separate problem.

orbital-decay

It's not a separate problem, Google are actively suppressing any possibility of open mobile hardware. They force HW manufacturers to keep their specs secret and make them choose between their ecosystem and any other, not both. There's a humongous conflict of interests.

Aurornis

> Natural right, full stop.

You’re still missing the point the comment is making: In countries where governments are dead set on holding Google accountable for what users do on their phones, it doesn’t matter what you believe to be your natural right. The governments of these countries have made declarations about who is accountable and Google has no intention of leaving the door open for that accountability.

You can do whatever you want with the hardware you buy, but don’t confuse that with forcing another company to give you all of the tools to do anything you want easily.

brazukadev

That's deflection, there's Google blocking users from installing apps and there's OP insinuating that it might be because of governments coercion but there's no evidence to support this. Scammers pay Google to show ads to install apps, that's what the governments are holding Google responsible and it won't change with blocking installing apps.

LoganDark

It's not possible to provide a path for advanced users that a stupid person can't be coerced to use.

Moreover, it's not possible to provide a path for advanced users that a stupid person won't use by accident, either.

These are what drive many instances of completely missing paths for advanced users. It's not possible to stop coercion or accidents. It is literally impossible. Any company that doesn't want to take the risk can only leave advanced users completely out of the picture. There's nothing else they can do.

Google will fail to prevent misuse of this feature, and advanced users will eventually be left in the dust completely as Google learns there's no way to safely provide for them. This is inevitable.

Aurornis

> because the governments of countries where such scams are widespread will hold Google responsible.

This is the unsurprising consequence of trying to hold big companies accountable for the things people do with their devices: The only reasonable response is to reduce freedoms with those devices, or pull out of those countries entirely.

This happened a lot in the early days of the GDPR regulations when the exact laws were unclear and many companies realized it was safer to block those countries entirely. Despite this playing out over and over again, there are still constant calls on HN to hold companies accountable for user-submitted content, require ID verification, and so on.

raincole

Yes. The same goes with payment processing. I hate visa/mastercard as much as the next person. But if the court says they're accountable for people who buy drug/firearm/child porn, then it seems to be a quite reasonable reaction for them to preemptively limit what the users can buy or sell.

The government(s) have to treat the middlemen as middlemen. Otherwise they are forced to act as gatekeepers.

jacquesm

These two things are not the same. The GDPR afforded rights to common people. Those companies that would pull out are the ones that were abusing data that was never theirs and could no longer do so.

jacquesm

That's a disingenuous argument though: they are in that position because they chose to make themselves the only way that a 'normal' user is able to install software on these devices. If not for that these governments wouldn't have a point to apply pressure on in the first place.

wmf

Or maybe Google just has empathy for people losing millions to scams?

jacquesm

No, then the results of many google web searches would not put scam sites at the top over the official sites. Google is fine with people being scammed. As long as they get their cut. Large corporations don't have empathy.

spaqin

From what I've seen, millions lost to scams are with social engineering; through cold calls masquerading as the authorities, phishing, pig butchering; plenty of scam apps on the Play store harvesting data as well, but not a single real life instance of malware installed outside the officially sanctioned platform.

Aachen

Edit: be sure to read geoffschmidt's reply below /edit

The buried lede:

> a dedicated account type for students and hobbyists. This will allow you to distribute your creations to a limited number of devices without going through the full verification

So a natural limit on how big a hobby project can get. The example they give, where verification would require scammers to burn an identity to build another app instead of just being able to do a new build whenever an app gets detected as malware, shows that apps with few installs are where the danger is. This measure just doesn't add up

jacquesm

And of course: you need an account, rather than simply allowing you to tell your OS that yes, you know what you're doing.

geoffschmidt

But see also the next section ("empowering experienced users"):

> We are building a new advanced flow that allows experienced users to accept the risks of installing software that isn't verified

metadat

So.. all this drama over an alert(yes/no) box?

Wow, this really pulls back the veil. This Vendor (google) is only looking out for numero uno.

cesarb

> So.. all this drama over an alert(yes/no) box?

A simple yes/no alert box is not "[...] specifically to resist coercion, ensuring that users aren't tricked into bypassing these safety checks while under pressure from a scammer". In fact, AFAIK we already have exactly that alert box.

No, what they want is something so complicated that no muggle could possibly enable it, either by accident or by being guided on the phone.

Aurornis

> So.. all this drama over an alert(yes/no) box?

The angry social media narratives have been running wild from people who insert their own assumptions into what’s happening.

It’s been fairly clear from the start that this wasn’t the end of sideloading, period. However that doesn’t get as many clicks and shares as writing a headline claiming that Google is taking away your rights.

Aachen

Oh! I thought I had found the crucial piece finally after ~500 words, but there's indeed better news in the section after that! Thanks, I can go sleep with a more optimistic feeling now :)

Also this will kill any impetus that was growing on the Linux phone development side, for better or worse. We get to live in this ecosystem a while longer, let's see if people keep damocles' sword in mind and we might see more efforts towards cross-platform builds for example

ryandrake

Let's take the "W". This is pretty good news!

rrix2

it's probably just gonna be under the Developer Options "secret" menu

gblargg

Let me guess, a warning box that requires me to give permission to the app to install from third-party sources? Is that not clear enough confirmation that I know what I'm doing? /s

sipofwater

* "Android Developer Verification Discourse" hy agnostic-apollo, Termux app (https://github.com/termux/termux-app) developer: https://gist.github.com/agnostic-apollo/b8d8daa24cbdd216687a... (gist.github.com/agnostic-apollo/b8d8daa24cbdd216687a6bef53d417a6) and https://old.reddit.com/r/termux/comments/1ourtxj/android_dev... (old.reddit.com/r/termux/comments/1ourtxj/android_developer_verification_discourse/)

* "Android Developer Verification Proposed Changes" hy agnostic-apollo, Termux app (https://github.com/termux/termux-app) developer: https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/459832198 from https://old.reddit.com/r/termux/comments/1ourtxj/android_dev... (old.reddit.com/r/termux/comments/1ourtxj/android_developer_verification_discourse/)

sipofwater

Android Debug Bridge (https://developer.android.com/tools/adb) using two Android smartphones and Termux (https://github.com/termux/termux-app):

* Search for "Smartphone-1 to Smartphone-2" "adb tcpip 5555" in "Motorola moto g play 2024 smartphone, Termux, termux-usb, usbredirect, QEMU running under Termux, and Alpine Linux: Disks with Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) Partition Table (GPT) partitioning": https://old.reddit.com/r/MotoG/comments/1j2g5gz/motorola_mot... (old.reddit.com/r/MotoG/comments/1j2g5gz/motorola_moto_g_play_2024_smartphone_termux/)

* Search for "termux-adb" in "Motorola moto g play 2024 Smartphone, Android 14 Operating System, Termux, And cryptsetup: Linux Unified Key Setup (LUKS) Encryption/Decryption And The ext4 Filesystem Without Using root Access, Without Using proot-distro, And Without Using QEMU": https://old.reddit.com/r/MotoG/comments/1jkl0f8/motorola_mot... (old.reddit.com/r/MotoG/comments/1jkl0f8/motorola_moto_g_play_2024_smartphone_android_14/)

themafia

> Keeping users safe on Android is our top priority.

I highly doubt this is your "top" priority. Or if it is then you're gotten there by completely ignoring Google account security.

> intercepts the victim's notifications

And who controls these notifications and forces application developers to use a specific service?

> bad actors can spin up new harmful apps instantly.

Like banking applications that use push or SMS for two factor authentication. You seem to approve those without hesitation. I guess their "top" priority is dependent on the situation.

BrenBarn

Their top priority is making money.

shirro

Making money and complying with the law. They are obligated to do both. In many countries laws are still enforced.

Protecting their app store revenues from competition exposes them to scrutiny from competition regulators and might be counter productive.

Many governments are moving towards requiring tech companies to enforce verification of users and limit access to some types of software and services or impose conditions requiring software to limit certain features such as end to end encryption. Some prominent people in big tech believe very strongly in a surveillance state and we are seeing a lot of buy in across the political spectrum, possibly due to industry lobbying efforts. Allowing people to install unapproved software limits the effectiveness of surveillance technologies and the revenues of those selling them. If legal compliance risks are pushing this then it is a job for voters, not Google to fix.

boxedemp

Only a few things in life are for sure. Death, taxes, and corpospeak.

_factor

Hey, sometimes the dumbest people it works on are also the ones with the decision making ability. What a world to live in.

ajkjk

this is an absurd rant. they invest, like, billions into security. It's not as perfect as you want it to be but "completely ignoring" is a joke. if you've got actual grievances you should say what they are so that we can actually get on your side instead of rolling our eyes

asadotzler

They absolutely eo completely ignore many security and privacy things because they're very selective in what they focus on, particularly around how those things might impact their ad revenue.

How much they spend is no indicator of how and where they spend it, so is hardly a compelling argument.

wmf

I'm not the OP but we know that SMS is not secure. Google should try banning that first.

BrenBarn

The key question for me is whether this "advanced flow" will allow the practical use of entirely separate app stores (like F-Droid) or if they're going to throw up tons of barriers for every individual app install.

tadfisher

There's a second path, whereby F-Droid registers as an "alternative app store", which is a new category of app created in the fallout of Epic Games v. Google [0]. This is interesting because it applies to all regions and will necessarily need more elevated permissions than the typical REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES permission used today. No idea what requirements Google will impose on such apps.

[0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Games_v._Google

NewJazz

If F-Droid is no longer part of the android community, then neither will I.

I'm not too worried. My employer should be, though.

AndrewDavis

It all depends on how the flow is implemented.

If it's a one time unlock, eg like developer mode then hopefully it'll just work.

If it's a big long flow per install... Yikes, that's not much better than adb install

andrepd

Correct me if I'm wrong but doesn't the EU digital markets act mandate this?

gumby271

Isn't Apple technically complying with this even while forcing notarization? Seems like Google could get away with the same scheme.

bilsbie

I don’t like to see the word “allow” in the same sentence with a device I own.

edoceo

It's a device you own, sure. But you've licensed the software.

EMIRELADERO

This is misleading though. There is simply no other choice if you want to use mainstream apps. It could be argued (successfully in my view) that any agreement is null and void due to its acceptance under duress.

Users have an inherent legal right to unconditionally access the full advertised functionality of devices they purchase. Any agreement after that is inherently suspect and I wouldn't be surprised to find out it was ruled unconscionable by some court if it came to that.

flagos10

We need a free-as-in-freedom version of Android.

wmf

GrapheneOS

Sytten

In the end when supporting the non tech people in the family, what I would really like is to setup their device so they can install anything on Fdroid but nothing from the play store (unless approved by me) nor direct from an apk.

rpdillon

This is exactly what I do. Works pretty well. I've never needed to restrict the play store. I just tell them not to use it.

wmf

I wonder if MDM can do that.

erohead

Sounds like they're rolling back the mandatory verification flow:

Based on this feedback and our ongoing conversations with the community, we are building a new advanced flow that allows experienced users to accept the risks of installing software that isn't verified. We are designing this flow specifically to resist coercion, ensuring that users aren't tricked into bypassing these safety checks while under pressure from a scammer. It will also include clear warnings to ensure users fully understand the risks involved, but ultimately, it puts the choice in their hands. We are gathering early feedback on the design of this feature now and will share more details in the coming months.

silisili

I feel like if safety was really their top priority, they would have done this long ago and not bothered with this mandatory signing nonsense to begin with...

Still, it seems like good news, so I'll take it.

gpm

8 ago Google and Epic announced a proposed settlement and modification of a permanent injunction that Epic won, I believe this proposed settlement would likely have prohibited Google's plan to forbid installation of third party apps (excluding app stores from the definition of apps) unless those app developers had paid google a registration fee. The proposed settlement is here [1], the relevant portion is

> 13. For a period beginning on the Effective Date through June 30, 2032, Google will [...] and will continue to permit the direct downloading of apps from developer websites and third-party stores without any fees being imposed for those downloads unless the downloads originate from linkouts from apps installed/updated by Google Play (excluding web browsers).

6 days ago the court exposed skepticism as to the proposal and announced that they'd have a hearing, with testimony from expert witnesses, as to whether it would prevent the market harms that the original injunction was trying to cure [2].

Today Google announces this, effectively confirming that they're backing down from their requirement that third party app developers pay google prior to distributing their apps.

Nothing (yet) is explicitly tying these together, but I can't help but suspect that this move is in large part being made to convince the court that they're actually intending to honour this portion of the proposed injunction even though Epic would have little reason to enforce it.

[1] https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.36...

[2] https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.36...

zzo38computer

If adb is unrestricted and can work with the Linux command shell (something I seem to remember I had read about before; you will need to enable the developer mode to use it), which is aparently a separate system but runs on the same device, although if it has the ability to communicate with the main Android system using adb (which it might be reasonable to require that to be explicitly enabled with another setting, for additional security in case you do not use adb), then this would help since you do not require another computer that would be compatible with adb in order to do it.

However, I think there are other things they should do as well (in addition to the other things) if they want to improve the safety, such as looking at the apps in Google Play to check that they are not malware (since apparently some are; however, it says they do have some safeguards, so hopefully that would help), and to make the permission system to work better (e.g. to make it clear that it can intercept notificatinos; there are legitimate reasons to do this but it should require an explicit permission setting to make this clear).

sprior

This brings back memories of "sure you can root your phone, but if you do secure apps like payment won't run anymore"

spaqin

I can only imagine that allowing "unverified" apps to run would also disable payment/banking apps. Just in case, you know. For your own good.

anonymousiam

"Based on this feedback and our ongoing conversations with the community, we are building a new advanced flow that allows experienced users to accept the risks of installing software that isn't verified. We are designing this flow specifically to resist coercion, ensuring that users aren't tricked into bypassing these safety checks while under pressure from a scammer. It will also include clear warnings to ensure users fully understand the risks involved, but ultimately, it puts the choice in their hands. We are gathering early feedback on the design of this feature now and will share more details in the coming months."

So they haven't actually changed anything yet, but they say that they will "in the coming months."