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The most banned books in U.S. schools

The most banned books in U.S. schools

166 comments

·December 18, 2025

looperhacks

Since many are asking what a "ban" is in this context, the site has a FAQ: https://pen.org/book-bans/book-bans-frequently-asked-questio...

The gist: Books that were previously available but removed due to pressure from outside (or other teachers)

EcommerceFlow

Filtering content for children is not 'banning books'.

By this definition, The Bible is the most "banned book" across the country, even though it's probably the most consequential piece of literature ever written.

This continuous doublespeak is even more humorous considering the site has actual shopping links to every 'banned book'.

m00x

Agreed, this is very politically charged. The method for qualifying a "banned book" is not described in detail and seems to only include those with a political lean, when there are obviously other books that aren't shown to kids that didn't make the list.

giraffe_lady

The system they're using is in their faq, in detail. Basically it is books that were previously available but have been removed due to external pressure.

m00x

So it's not really fair to say it's a ban. You can have the book at school, but the school library won't have it.

Would you agree for the school to have the book "The Passing of the Great Race", a famously racist and white supremacist book in your school library?

tastyfreeze

Without the banning method this is just click bait to sell books. Every book on a ban list is still easily available. It would be weird for something as explicit as a kama sutra book to be found in an elementary school library. It might be appropriate at a high school library. But any kid at any time can go to a public library or book store and find just such a book. The parents get to decide when sexually explicit material is appropriate for their children. Schools do the same by proxy. There is nothing wrong with this setup.

UncleMeat

The most targeted book in america is Looking For Alaska. You and I have a very different understanding of what "sexually explicit material" means if you think that this book is erotica.

Remember that the parents are deciding for other parents what appears in libraries.

6510

1984

rpsw

Filtering content sounds like doublespeak for banning to me. The title is Top 52 Banned Books: The Most Banned Books in U.S. Schools, how is it that inaccurate?

zzzeek

because that would suggest something very bad is happening in the US and the HN party line is "this is nothing unusual, typical woke [1] panic attack over nothing, now please get back to your HN job of trying to win VC money"

[1] https://paulgraham.com/woke.html

everdrive

At least in my mind it's unfair because the books are not in any way banned. Anyone can get them. They're more available than perhaps any time in history. The school's decision not to stock them may merit criticism, but the books are hardly "banned" in the traditional sense of the word.

d_theorist

[flagged]

rpsw

The point the OP made was specifically to call out what they deemed as doublespeak of the word ban. I made no comment on why any given book is justifiably banned or "filtered".

worik

> I certainly wouldn’t want my children getting exposed to books that normalise trans ideology, for example.

If you had a trans child?

Trans yourself?

zzzeek

> I certainly wouldn’t want my children getting exposed to books that normalise trans ideology, for example.

fortunately "trans ideology" is a nonexistent boogeyman made up by whatever vile youtube videos or FOX news you're watching, so there's no worry about such books existing

aaroninsf

No, it is not lol.

You are literally spouting right wing book banner talking points.

"Suitable for children." Uh huh. According to your pastor.

burkaman

Why would the Bible meet that definition? It is generally available for children in school libraries.

hylaride

Separation of church and state, especially when schools don’t allow alternative books (eg in some Bible Belt areas). Also, the bible does have violence, sex (including rape and incest), etc.

burkaman

I understand there are reasons it could be banned, but I'm saying that in reality it is not. It is widely available in elementary and middle school libraries.

stvltvs

Except for one case in Texas that made a splash in the news last year, I didn't find other cases of the Bible being banned from school libraries. Did I miss something?

If not, it would make sense that Texas made the news because it's out of the ordinary.

legitster

I think OP is over-generalizing. The Bible is the most banned book around the world, but definitely not in the US.

slillibri

I expect the bible is in virtually every public and school library in the US. It’s hardly a banned book by any measure.

chasd00

Yeah this is a strange way to define "banned books". I would think Hustler has to be universally "banned" in all US schools, it has to be in the top 10 most banned books. Or maybe because it's a magazine Hustler doesn't count so the author left it out...

The only books I can think of that are actually banned, as in it's against the law to obtain, in the US would be like a B2 bomber capability manual or some other classified documentation.

btilly

Given the First Amendment, the only thing that I can think of as banned is copyright violations.

The Pentagon Papers case says that, once revealed, classified information can be published.

How about dangerous information. Want to know how to make a fusion bomb? Start at https://www.atomicarchive.com/science/fusion/index.html. More detailed schematics are easy to find.

All that said, I am not a lawyer, and this is not legal advice.

drcongo

Do most school libraries carry Hustler? Wow.

jfindper

>Yeah this is a strange way to define "banned books".

Pen clearly defines what they consider a ban. Hustler would not meet the definition (hint: it's not because its a magazine).

bjourne

> Filtering content for children is not 'banning books'.

If "filtering content for children" is not banning books, then why is "filtering content for adults" banning books?

> By this definition, The Bible is the most "banned book" across the country

According to the source the high score is 147. Has the Bible been banned 148 times or more in the US?

gizzlon

The title is .. "in US schools" . So in this context, yes it is.

You can argue banning or filtering some books for kids is the right thing to do, but the obvious question is then: what books and why?

Seems like you are fighting a strawman.

ikamm

ban

to forbid (= refuse to allow) something, especially officially

m00x

If you look at their definition, it's when the book is "missing" from the book selection, so it's essentially filtered out from a curated list, not an outright ban.

The school won't kick you out for having the book, but they won't buy it.

cycomanic

Your quotes around the missing do a lot of work here. From the FAQ:

> PEN America defines a school book ban as any action taken against a book based on its content and as a result of parent or community challenges, administrative decisions, or in response to direct or threatened action by lawmakers or other governmental officials, that leads to a book being either completely removed from availability to students, or where access to a book is restricted or diminished. Diminished access is a form of censorship and has educational implications that extend beyond a title’s removal. Accessibility forms the core of PEN America’s definition of a school book ban and emphasizes the multiple ways book bans infringe on the rights of students, professional educators, and authors. It is important to recognize that books available in schools, whether in a school or classroom library, or as part of a curriculum, were selected by librarians and educators as part of the educational offerings to students. Book bans occur when those choices are overridden by school boards, administrators, teachers, or politicians, on the basis of a particular book’s content.

In particular it's when the decisions of the professionals are being overruled for political purposes.

It is particularly clear when reading the list, many of these books are children/young adults books which have won highest national and international awards, but somehow they are "age inappropriate"?

jfindper

>The school won't kick you out for having the book, but they won't buy it.

You keep saying this all over this thread, can you please tell me how you are reaching this conclusion?

I have linked you to at least one entire state (covering 40+ school districts) where what you are saying is completely false.

Typically, if a school bans something, it also means that the children are not allowed to bring the banned thing onto the school premises.

legitster

> PEN America defines a school book ban as any action taken against a book based on its content and as a result of parent or community challenges, administrative decisions, or in response to direct or threatened action by governmental officials, that leads to a book being either completely removed from availability to students, or where access to a book is restricted or diminished.

So I think one thing to keep in mind is that books added or removed from shelves based on the editorial choices of the library staff is not considered a book ban - and it's why books like Mein Kampf or Lolita don't also show up on these lists despite being very intentionally kept off the shelves by librarians.

Oftentimes school districts or libraries already have a system in place where offensive or non age-appropriate books can have restrictions placed on it based on parent or student feedback.

All this to say I think it makes book bans a bit muddier - in some instances they might be legitimate pushback on aggressive editorialization by librarians. But in most instances, they are self-obviously performative and unnecessary.

pcaharrier

"it's why books like Mein Kampf or Lolita don't also show up on these lists despite being very intentionally kept off the shelves by librarians."

It seems like they would count those books as being banned if they had a means for gathering the information.

"Since 2021, there have been numerous accounts of quiet removals of books in libraries and classrooms by teachers and librarians. School districts have started issuing preemptive bans through 'do not buy' lists, barring titles from ever entering their libraries. . . . Therefore, PEN America’s Index of School Book Bans is best thought of as a minimum count of book banning trends. This is a similar conclusion to that of the American Library Association, which routinely estimates that its counts reflect only a portion of the true number of books banned in schools."

burnt-resistor

In a controlled and editorialized context in the high school senior and college contexts (age 17+), Mein Kampf, Ted Kaczynski, and Marx should be taught to critically dissect bad ideas and immoral political prescriptions because it's important to teach future generations how to recognize and resist awful ideologies. Not doing so invites vulnerability to history rhyming more than it needs to.

slg

I wonder how the proponents of banning books like this don't have an "Are we the baddies?" moment. What precedent is there for history to look kindly on this type of behavior? Is there a single fiction book that you can point to that was banned in that past that let's say 60% of people today would agree was necessary (i.e. it would be in schools if there wasn't a ban) and appropriate to ban? It always seems like within a generation or two, most people agree the prior efforts to ban books were wrong, then a little time elapses, and we start banning new books again.

UncleMeat

The people screaming at school board meetings about gay characters in books aren't going to have an "are we the baddies" moment. They'd just ban gay people from existing in public entirely if they could.

chasd00

school boards are elected, county and state governments are elected, if you want a policy changed at a school then change it. This is like saying a policy requiring a school uniform bans wearing flip-flops. Here's the top 10 list of banned shoes...

Call me when you're arrested or fined for buying/selling any book in US.

slg

It's interesting that people are responding like this rather than answering my question. I know how democracy works and that includes the occasional instances of tyranny of the majority.

That still doesn't address my original question. Is there historic precedent for this type of micromanaging of school libraries (if you're adamant that we shouldn't use the B word) that most of us would still agree with today? Because many of the books on the list seem more likely to follow the path of eventual school classics like The Grapes of Wrath or To Kill a Mockingbird than they are to continue to be banned decades into the future.

UncleMeat

I'm very sorry but a bunch of bigots getting on the school board still shouldn't be able to unilaterally say "there must be absolutely no representation of gay people in any books in the library because the presence of LGBT content is pornographic."

spicymaki

Freedom of speech (in the US) protects book publishing too, or do you think school boards are elected, county and state governments are above the constitution?

Levitz

How does not stocking a book in a school library due to community complaints or even a state law conflict with the first amendment?

nickff

I am not a proponent of any of these bans, but it seems like someone needs to decide which books are featured at schools, and these 'bans' are just vetoes of certain books enacted by parents or school boards. I am not sure why a librarian or some school administrator should have complete authority to select any books they may prefer. This seems similar to a curriculum, in that the citizens and/or school board direct the educators what they should be (and should not be) teaching.

cycomanic

Well I certainly don't want school boards to determine the curriculum.

eterm

See the others here not only justifying the censorship, but downplaying that they're even censored. "Oh they're just not stocked? It's not a ban.", etc.

How are children supposed to develop into adults, if they are denied reading about the experiences of others?

umanwizard

There are no "banned books" in the US. Using that term is inaccurate, and IMO a bit of an insult to people living in countries that actually do ban books.

What there actually are, are books that schools refuse to carry in their libraries because they don't think the content is appropriate for children. I would assume this happens in every country.

slg

>books that schools refuse to carry in their libraries

You are just fundamentally wrong on the facts here. This list is specifically books that were removed from libraries due to outside forces. I'm not worried about school librarians deciding that a book's content makes it unsuitable for their students. These are situations in which parents or government officials are telling the school to remove a book already present.

https://pen.org/book-bans/book-bans-frequently-asked-questio...

chaseadam17

Seems like most of the books deal with complex real-world issues like sexual identity, racism, school shootings, etc. and are banned due to "sexual" or "violent" content. My guess is these criteria can be selectively interpreted to target books that go against political or cultural beliefs but there is obviously some merit to wanting to protect young kids from certain topics. I wish the article mentioned what ages the books are banned for because that seems like an important piece of data. I'm assuming it includes all K-12 public schools?

cogman10

That's part of the issue. With Idaho it's black and white. Under 18, these books are banned.

I'd agree with limiting access based on age, but a lot of these laws have a binary if not outright ban on library access.

What's appropriate to a 10, 12, 14, and 16 year old is pretty broad as these kids mature fast in a few short years. I see no reason why any 16 year old should be restricted from any book.

mapontosevenths

I was.. precocious as a youngster and read books that were far above my grade level and what most adults would consider to be "safe" for children.

The first time I tried to check out one of those very adult books the librarian called my parents and asked if it was OK. My parents said "Yes. Let him have whatever he wants." They made a note in my account and the next day they let me have have whatever I wanted.

If that hadn't happened I would be a very different, and much dumber, person now.

I don't understand what the issue is with just asking the parents?

I suspect that most of the people responsible for these "bans" don't want that to happen because some parents will approve of things they don't. Most of this really IS an attempted ban rather than just "appropriate age related content" issue. They don't want to control what THEIR kids can see. They want to control what YOUR kids can see.

cogman10

I think that's a good system. Simply marking an age range for a book and contacting parents if they stray out seems like a more than acceptable way to handle things.

chaseadam17

Agree it shouldn't be so binary. Only thing I'd add is that I believe it makes sense for schools to err towards restricting books until the upper age limit of "appropriate" because parents who choose to expose their kids to those topics earlier can still do so (e.g. by borrowing the book from the public library or giving their kid more permissive internet access) without having tax dollars used to undermine the values of those who don't. It's not an easy issue but for better or worse, I'd bet what books schools "ban" actually has fairly little impact on what kids are exposed to, so this might all be increasingly a mute point.

stvltvs

The controversy comes from parents disagreeing about which topics and books public schools should protect children from. If some parents want certain books removed and others want them kept, whose preferences should prevail? Should we give a minority a veto over books the majority finds valuable?

jl6

Where does “ban” end and “parental controls” begin? These books aren’t banned any more than R-rated movies are banned on Disney+. Every one of the books on the list has some kind of mature theme that different parents will feel differently about what age is the right age to handle it.

ikamm

Probably when it's the parents making the decision for their own kids, not another authority.

chlodwig

Except the definition used in the article, a ban is when a parent group disagrees with the authorities (the librarians) and does not want the book in a tax-payer funded library: "PEN America defines a school book ban as any action taken against a book based on its content and as a result of parent or community challenges, administrative decisions, or in response to direct or threatened action by governmental officials, that leads to a book being either completely removed from availability to students, or where access to a book is restricted or diminished."

So if a librarian goes to a conference and learns, "hey we need to remove these books from the lirbary because they are bigoted/racist/problematic" and they do so, that is not a book ban. But if parents say, "hey this book is not appropriate for our kids, this should not be in a school library", and they raise hell to get it removed, that is a book ban. The whole framing is dumb.

BrandoElFollito

We donnt have a list of banned books in France, or any discussion about that.

I now wonder whether this is great (freedom and so on) or terrible (manipulation and so on)

_mocha

France bans hijabs in schools, so there's certainly more work left across the pond...

everdrive

One argument I've also heard in this regard is that at some level editorial decisions MUST be made. A local library cannot hold EVERY book. So, which ones must you include and which ones shouldn't you stock? That's obviously going to become a political question, but it's also important to remember that it's an unavoidable one.

jfindper

The books on this list are not considered banned because of decisions made by a librarian figuring out how to fill their limited space.

Even if the librarian (or in some cases, even if the school district) wants to place the book on the shelves, they are not allowed to.

everdrive

Ah, that's good to understand, thank you for correcting me.

spicymaki

The intellectual laziness I am seeing here is horrifying. Look I get that many of the HN crowd does not like "woke" ideology, but you should recognize that perhaps a book or some form of free expression you like will be banned in the future when the political winds change. In the US we are eroding constitutional norms due to democratic backsliding. The hard fought freedoms will be hard to get back and you don't know what part of the fence you will be on in the aftermath.

My journey into professional software development was due to the efforts of the GNU organization that provided high quality compilers and tools along with a legal structure to promote the creation of more free software. The innovation was that code is speech and is protected by the first amendment (in the US). I have watched the software community devolve into just corrupt thievery due to the silicon valley "as long as I get rich, I am good" culture. That culture is seeping into every aspect of our social lives leading to deep enshittification. Monopolization of the means of artistic expression due to financialization is ruining everything.

int32_64

It's hilarious that Barnes and Noble has a banned books section as a sort of marketing gimmick.

https://www.barnesandnoble.com/b/banned-books/_/N-rtm

It makes you wonder what books Barnes and Noble has banned from being sold in their stores.

Animats

Maas' Throne of Glass series? Why?

cogman10

Being unfamiliar with the series, a short google makes me believe it's because some (a lot?) of the characters are bisexual.

vablings

That seems insane to me. There are plenty of bisexual individuals that children will encounter in the real-world no. I could sympathize with banning of books that are of a certain obscenity but if purely because they are bisexual that sounds unhinged

UncleMeat

It is not insane.

Bigots want there to be no visible LGBT people in society. "Your child will encounter a gay person someday" is not an argument they care about because they would also like to ensure that gay people cannot be visible in other parts of society.

cogman10

That was the underlying motivation of a lot of these book bans and why they were so open ended. The idaho law explicitly calls out "homosexuality" as a reason for removing a book.

khaki54

What? Mein Kampf and Anarchists Cookbook didn't even make the list at all? Something's fishy here

kjellsbells

Not necessarily. PEN describes a ban as a book being removed from a library. If Mein Kampf was never in the library, there's no Mein Kampf to remove.