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School AI surveillance can lead to false alarms, arrests

zahlman

> Among them is Tennessee, which passed a 2023 zero-tolerance law requiring any threat of mass violence against a school to be reported immediately to law enforcement.

> ...

> Gaggle’s CEO, Jeff Patterson, said in an interview that the school system did not use Gaggle the way it is intended. The purpose is to find early warning signs and intervene before problems escalate to law enforcement, he said.

> “I wish that was treated as a teachable moment, not a law enforcement moment,” said Patterson.

Of course they didn't do things as the Gaggle CEO describes. They were legally compelled not to.

I love a good complaint about corporate meddling as much as anyone, but sometimes it really is the government to blame.

malwrar

This will condition children to think this sort of surveillance is normal, and when they’re adults the ones who think it kept them safe from mass shootings will try and advocate using our existing mass-surveillance powers to proactively monitor everyone like this. Please, we need to stop terrifying children with this lazy oppression, this is not worth the damage to society we’re causing by conditioning kids this way.

password321

Half the point of school has always been to condition them to behave and think a certain way for adulthood.

astura

This sort of surveillance is normal, though. Most platforms are monitored for threats of violence. Are you thinking the outcome would have been much different if she threatened to kill Mexicans on Teams at work instead?

giantg2

"Are you thinking the outcome would have been much different if she threatened to kill Mexicans on Teams at work instead?"

Yeah, she'd probably get fired but law enforcement wouldn't get called because there was no specific or credible threat and the company doesn't have the mandatory reporting requirements that the school does.

malwrar

The child in OP sounds to me like she thought she was making a bad-taste joke in a private forum, and was shocked when it promptly led to an entanglement with an unfeeling system who was looking over her shoulder. I’ve never threatened to kill anyone in my work DMs, but I’ve definitely written stuff that I wouldn’t post in public threads. I think we all to some degree use these “private” systems this way until it burns us, only then do we adjust. Privacy is much more a feeling than a technical reality.

In that sense, it isn’t “normal”, it’s just “something that’s happening in theory but eh maybe it only affects scary people or whatever idk”. I feel like this tolerance we’re developing for outside forces invading “private” spaces, nominally for these loose justifications of harm reduction, will be what _actually does_ make it normal.

Once it’s truly normal, and people think it’s what keeps them safe from mass shootings or whatever, it will be too late to get rid of it. I think fear and normalcy will motivate its spread to places beyond school chat platforms and Snapchat.

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kayodelycaon

Strip searching a 13-year-old girl and locking her in a jail cell for a joke? Wow. And they did all this without telling her parents.

bryanrasmussen

I remember when in high school in Utah we went on a field trip to a halfway house, for some reason - it was during the time when scared straight was real popular so of course every kid should be scared straight whether they have juvenile offenses or not. It was some sort of law class I think.

Anyway they took us to look at the inmates in the halfway house who were behind bars and then they could come out to the bars and as their part of the whole scared straight exercise they would of course yell stuff at us, which was mainly about how they wanted to have sex with the approximately 16 year old girls on the trip.

Gosh, Utah sure is a morally upstanding place.

yard2010

This is nefarious.

DonHopkins

[flagged]

7thaccount

Absolutely horrifying

sofixa

A joke which could, out of context, be interpreted to be a threat of violence:

> on Thursday we kill all the Mexico’s

Especially considering the frequency of violence in American schools, can't really blame the school for jumping to conclusions.

giantg2

"can't really blame the school for jumping to conclusions"

Of course you can blame the school. They were too lazy to look at context and determine if the threat was real and credible. They took the determination of a complex tool as an unquestionable fact. The system supplies the fact that the user's account made the comment. All other facts need to be made by investigation. This statement provides a reasonable suspicion to investigate, but should not exhibit probable cause for an arrest as it requires a threat be credible, incite panick, etc per the specific terrorist threat law. This requires investigation and thought.

sofixa

> Of course you can blame the school. They were too lazy to look at context and determine if the threat was real and credible

Do you think whoever is doing this at the school is a qualified professional, e.g. a child/teen psychiatrist that knows the kid in question well enough, to be able to determine if the threat was real and credible?

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astura

It's a threat of violence in context as well.

IshKebab

Even ignoring the whole idea being awful, their response to someone who they think might want to enact a school shooting is to strip search and imprison them. What effect do they think that is going to have?

Not the sharpest bullets in the barrel...

tyleo

I don’t like this article. It mixes two things together:

1. Schools running and monitoring their own communication platforms. This seems fine.

2. The US government monitoring private communication platforms like Snapchat and arresting kids on school grounds. This seems bad.

The way it’s written though mixes these together and makes it look like schools are monitoring the private communication of students. I think it’s fine for schools to monitor there own platforms but weird for the government to monitor all platforms haphazardly.

chasd00

US schools have way too much authority over children. A student can goto a party on Saturday night and get a ticket for MIP or some other infraction and then face punishment at school in addition to the fine. US schools are quasi authoritarian regimes for teenagers. I don’t believe that is right at all.

cogogo

I mostly agree with you. But the same is true with your employer in the US. You do something stupid outside of work like an OUI and there will likely be consequences with employment - either current or future. Not terrible to internalize that early when the consequences are relatively forgettable.

Hizonner

You are not required by law to subject yourself to your employer, or to any employer.

giantg2

"1. Schools running and monitoring their own communication platforms. This seems fine.

2. The US government monitoring private communication platforms like Snapchat and arresting kids on school grounds. This seems bad."

Public schools are government.

1718627440

Public schools get money from the government. That doesn't mean they're are the private arm of the government.

giantg2

Public schools are run by officials elected in public municipal elections. How is that not government?

AnimalMuppet

Public schools are not the US government. They're usually city or county.

giantg2

There are many federal laws and policies enforced in the schools. The police arresting kids on school grounds are also usually state or local.

kayodelycaon

Schools have already monitored student’s social media outside of school and punished them for breaking rules outside of the school.

How long before they use AI to do that?

Permit

AI has nothing to do with this. It’s trivial to build a keyword based system to detect someone threatening/joking that they will kill all the Mexicans at their school.

AI hype is at play here as well, not only in the breathless press releases from AI companies.

chasd00

I don’t believe a school has a right to monitor students outside of school but getting wind of a mass murder threat and turning it over to the authorities is the right thing to do.

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abeppu

I think 1. is still pretty bad. It's sounds like students are often obligated to use school-issued accounts for their own school work, and contents are searched and reviewed by the vendor's staff before either the student or the school are notified, and without any prior reason for individual suspicion -- that _does_ seem like a 4th amendment issue.

But also, is the school creating a blindspot for itself where it has _less_ information than if these systems were not in place? From one of the court documents linked in the article:

> The District and Gaggle—acting at the District’s behest—do not merely infringe students’ Fourth and First Amendment rights—they do so in a way that actively undermines the very safety concerns the District claims to address. Acting with the District’s knowledge, Gaggle automatically and unilaterally seizes student materials containing an undisclosed list of “trigger words” or phrases, without regard to context. This sweeping censorship extends to all student documents and content within the Google Workspace/Suite on District platforms. As a result, when students use their school-issued accounts to seek help or report concerns—particularly about mental health—Gaggle frequently intercepts and seizes those communications before they can reach their intended recipients, including teachers, counselors, and even parents. Such censorship denies some students the help they may need, contrary to Defendants’ articulated purpose for using Gaggle.

... i.e. the school is inadvertently quashing students attempts to ask for help or report problems

> When The Budget’s editor-in-chief investigated via requests under the Kansas Open Records Act why Gaggle continued to operate in violation of the purported exemption for student journalism, the findings responsive to her requests were, ironically, suppressed—apparently unbeknownst to the District officials tasked with responding to the requests—by Gaggle. Like the fox guarding the henhouse, Gaggle prevents parties from learning about how and when it operates.The District was made aware of Gaggle’s actions with respect to student journalists, but took no action to eliminate the problem.

... i.e. the school is generally unaware when it is itself silenced by its "safety management" software, even when this brings it out of compliance with legal requirements.

https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/26040279-lawrence-bo...

abtinf

You have no problem with the opening example in the article?

tyleo

I have a problem with the degree of punishment but not that the student was punished.

A student said, “on Thursday we kill all the Mexico’s,” on a schools private communication platform. The school should correct that behavior.

Unfortunately they involved law enforcement. Thats where I see the problem. A better solution would be detention and informing the parents.

worldsayshi

> Unfortunately they involved law enforcement

Sounds like they could've reasoned that they face the least chance for liability if they pushed the responsibility to law enforcement.

chasd00

A threat like that has to be reported to the authorities. In 99.9% of cases it’s nothing but you never know. You can’t threaten the president without getting investigated, you can’t threaten mass murder at school without getting investigated.

kayodelycaon

When I was a kid, detention over a stupid joke would have been an extreme overreaction and would result in the teacher being pulled into the principal’s office, not the kid.

JumpCrisscross

> Unfortunately they involved law enforcement. Thats where I see the problem

Eh, terminal violence was potentially threatened. Calling the cops seems fine if no teacher or administrator can vouch for the kid. (Particularly if, as is true in this case, the law requires “any threat of mass violence against a school to be reported immediately to law enforcement.”)

To the extent someone fucked up, it’s the cops who allegedly caused the 13-year old to be “interrogated, strip-searched and spent the night in a jail cell.”

SeanDav

What the article seems to have glossed over is this:

>>> A court ordered eight weeks of house arrest, a psychological evaluation and 20 days at an alternative school for the girl.

If one assumes that the court did take into consideration context and age, it appears to largely validate the follow up decision once flagged. (I don't agree with lack of parental contact, to be clear.)

kayodelycaon

I’ve been at small courts. I wouldn’t assume the court took any of that into consideration.

If the police were willing to make an example out of someone, the judge they work with is likely to do that as well.

Atreiden

This is utterly dystopian. We say some stupid things as kids, because they're just words and we're missing greater context at that age.

Immediately and automatically engaging law enforcement, and even the FBI, is horrific. Kids have always had greatly restricted freedoms in schools, but transcending the classroom and monitoring their digital lives is just training them to accept the surveillance state.

worldsayshi

The fact that this technology exists might make decision makers feel compelled to always to add as much surveillance as possible and acting on it as diligently as possible. Because it's their responsibility to create safety. And the most short term solution is to always enact more control over everything.

1718627440

The fact that weapons exist, might make some people feel compelled to always shoot as much as possible.

Sure, these people exist. They are dangerous.

doctorwho42

Adding more and more safety and control is always a self-defeating policy. It always ends with creating uncontrollable societal discord.

Same thing with unfettered capitalism, the systems only work if we continue to support said systems. When the rules break down, so do the desires of the collective to maintain said systems.

worldsayshi

It seems that a deeper cause of this is lack of trust in long term solutions and the ability to come up with a plan that beat the short term knee jerk solutions - which could make the problems worse.

If we can somehow win back trust in our collective ability to democratically solve problems... that should solve the problem.

I think that involves some creative solutions to collective decision making.

kolektiv

> training them to accept the surveillance state

From the perspective of those pushing this kind of technology and political movement, is that a bug or a feature?

doctorwho42

Yeah, it's a feature. If anything, its a basement bargain feature. For any large system, indoctrination early and often is the best way for systemic change.

We already see it with the modern surveillance state, post 9-11 the US citizenry has lost so many freedoms and if you ask random people on the street about it they would be perplexed. Hell, even my friends give me a bit of the "ahh so this is your conspiracy theory" look when I mention them. Growing up through 9-11 and the forever war was pretty dystopian, or at least a March into the dystopia's that I only read about in books.

koakuma-chan

> We say some stupid things as kids, because they're just words and we're missing greater context at that age.

I think the problem is that people send kids to public schools and just hope for the best. Imagine you have a brand new child, and you send it to school, and the child ends up saying something offensive, is this the child's fault? I think not. The child was trained on harmful data, it's not surprised the child exhibited undesirable behaviours.

jacquesm

My kid went to public school in Canada. He learned English pretty quickly and one day got suspended from school for a week. When I asked what had happened he said the other kids asked him to pronounce f.u.c.k. and then, after he complied ran to the teacher to say that he'd used a 'bad word'.

So, the principal, one Roman Peredun calls me up and says that my son used a bad word. I asked him what word. He wouldn't say it. So I asked how am I supposed to know how 'bad' my son is if you can't even repeat the word. He then spelled the word. I said, oh, 'fuck'. Yes, that's not in dutch however so he must have picked it up in your school. Peredun hung up and I sent my kid back to school the next day.

giantg2

I can confirm this. Sent a 5yo to public school and they came home with the new saying "I don't give a fuck!". Not what I want a 5yo to learn. We have massive overreactions by the schools for comments like in the article, but they're culpable in this sort of behavior by creating a largely undisciplined environment for basic in-person behavior. Uncontrolled classrooms and busses lead to all sorts of problems because nobody gets punished on the low end. My kid got in trouble for something and the punishment was to play alone at recess. Really? I told the school I think they should have been in detention at recess, possibly for a couple days. Of course they got punished at home too, which I suppose doesn't happen in some households.

Hizonner

> Sent a 5yo to public school and they came home with the new saying "I don't give a fuck!". Not what I want a 5yo to learn.

Ya know what? No sane person gives a fuck.

mr90210

> The child was trained on harmful data, it's not surprised the child exhibited undesirable behaviours.

Your comment reduces children to entities that will behave as expected provided they get fed “good” data.

Humans are not LLMs.

giantg2

You're taking the inverse of the commentor said. Being fed good data and being good is a different thing than being fed bad data and expecting them to be good.

There are plenty of studies on formative environments, especially on how negative environments can lead to negative behaviors.

koakuma-chan

I think children will behave properly given proper values and education.

evaXhill

Not that surprising that things have gotten to this point, just a few days ago schools in Florida were testing a new drone defense system against shootings. Between see-through backpacks, armed teachers, metal detectors, and other things you’d think it would be more easier to severely restrict firearm access to under 21 year olds and make the parents criminally liable if they are found to have facilitated access in any way in the wake of a shooting. But yeah i guess dipping into online conversations and immediately notifying both school officials and law enforcement is a good solution (/j)

seagnson

This article really makes you think about how far is too far with school surveillance. It's scary to imagine kids getting in trouble just for being kids. The balance between safety and freedom is tricky, but arresting students seems extreme. Thanks for shedding light on this important issue.

giantg2

The problem are the lazy idiots using the software. This is the reason we need capable humans in the loop for anything important.

Here we have a bad joke. The system flags it. The school sends it to the police. The police detain and interrogate the kid. Everyone is treating the determination of a complex automated system as their own determination. We also have every actor treating this as a credible threat. For this to be credible, you have to have the means to accomplish it. They gave a timeline. You know you have time to investigate before making an arrest. Problem is, nobody cares.

yard2010

If we have to rely on competent humans, we are doomed.

giantg2

Any system will have failures. The goal is to eliminate some of those failures through multiple checks. The automated system can help by bringing up possible issues that couldn't be monitored by humans. But then it should be humans reviewing these alerts for false positives. It should be much like using a security scanning tool. Findings will come up and you need someone to disposition them. Some will need no actions false positives or issues under your risk tolerance, but then others need appropriate responses. It seemes in the cases like the example, you have a intern running the scan tool and turning every finding into a high vulnerability because they don't know any better than to blindly trust the tool.

1718627440

We always rely on humans being competent. If we forget that and treat everything as being correct then we are doomed.

clwncr

School officials make the dubious claim that "the technology has detected dozens of imminent threats of suicide or violence."

Oh, really? Do they have data that shows a significant reduction in violence since surveillance started, or is this just reframing false positives (that can result in arrest, eight weeks of house arrest, a psychological evaluation and 20 days at an alternative school) as a net benefit. My money is on the latter.

kotaKat

Guaran-fucking-teed the bullied kids are still getting bullied just as bad and the system is still failing those kids while the school can put an outward appearance to the rest of the community that nothing is wrong and everything is perfectly fine inside the walls.

The victims will still be victims, they’ll just be punished by the system even harder for being a victim.

ludicrousdispla

Hopefully none of the students type German into the chat.