Skip to content(if available)orjump to list(if available)

Solarpunk is already happening in Africa

Solarpunk is already happening in Africa

105 comments

·November 5, 2025

epistasis

The grid is HUGELY expensive, an absolutely massive cost for our electricity. And it would still be expensive in a well-regulated environment where you can quickly and easily get permission to build, without, say, voter ballot propositions illegally blocking a transmission line for years [1]. Here in the US we have a very very poorly regulated environment for adding to our grid, it moves slower than molasses and there are so many parties that have unilateral veto points. The advent of a new transmission route in the US these days is pretty much a miracle event.

Now imagine a world where there's tons of bribes to government officials all along the way to get a grid going (in the US you just need to bribe landowners and hold-outs). Or there's bribes to get a permit for the large centralized electriticy generator. And you have to deal with importing a whole new skill set and trades, on top of importing all the materials, fuel, etc.

Decentralized solar plus batteries is already cheaper than electricity + transmission for me at my home in the US. The only thing stopping me is the permitting hassle or the contractor hassle.

Out in greenfield, solar plus storage is so revolutionary. This is bigger than going straight to mobile phones instead of landlines.

Africa is going to get so much power, and it's all going to be clean, renewable energy. Thanks to all the entrepreneurs and engineers over the past decades that have continuously and steadily improved this technology, it's one of the bright lights of humanity these days.

[1] https://www.utilitydive.com/news/maine-jury-clears-avangrids...

w10-1

> Thanks to all the entrepreneurs and engineers over the past decades

Hat tip also to China's ideological commitment to independence from external oil supplies, as nicely coupled to reducing pollution and greenwashing their image. It's their citizens who sacrifice to make solar power cheap enough.

metalman

the vast majority of solar panels are imaculately concieved in fully automated factorys,some where in fact there are NO people and they turn the lights off, as the robots are blind to those frequencys anyway. surviving solar PV production facilities operate on razor thin margins, and gargantuan volumes, the results of which are the electrification of most of the world, useing the absolute minimum of carbon. first lights, and dev8ces, small appliences, then the next step will be universal access to clean water and refrigeration, and then the worlds largest continent will be something to recon with.

baxtr

Like anything else that the world procures cheaply from China btw.

badpun

Some of the sacrifice is not voluntary - most panels contain parts and/or materials made by slaves in work camps.

omnimus

Just like iPhones.

justapassenger

> Decentralized solar plus batteries is already cheaper than electricity + transmission for me at my home in the US. The only thing stopping me is the permitting hassle or the contractor hassle.

Does decentralized solar plus batteries give you same amount of reliability? How many days without sunny weather can you survive without having to change your energy use habits?

Each 9 of reliability for infrastructure is EXTREMELY expensive. And grid has a lot of 9s.

aydyn

> Each 9 of reliability for infrastructure is EXTREMELY expensive. And grid has a lot of 9s.

Correction: should have a lot of 9s.

But in a lot of places in the U.S., even rich states, it doesn't because a combination of regulatory capture, profiteering and straight corruption.

I can see why solar and batteries are so attractive because at least its your prerogative when the power goes out.

noosphr

It absolutely does not.

But having electricity 13 days every two weeks is much better than not having it at all.

This isn't about China building out their grid with an over capacity factor of 200% so they can keep everything running even if rain, sun and wind all fail for months on end. This is a developing county getting to the point they can charge mobile phones consistently.

badpun

Sounds good until you try to run a business. Having businesses randomly out of commission is not a way to bring country from developing to developed status.

roywiggins

The grid has a lot of 9s, but in a lot of places losing power for a day or two after a storm is not unusual at all. The grid per se being fine but your actual neighborhood being dark for a couple days is a pretty common experience in some places.

ryandrake

If you have ever lost power for just 12 hours in an entire year, you're already down to only two 9's: 99.863%

I've never lived anywhere where the power didn't go down for at least a few (cumulative) days a year.

tekchip

Can confirm. I live in a US city and the only 9 involved is maybe the very first number. I've lived here just over a year and we've had 1 full day without power and probably 8 to 10 short outages between a few seconds and several 10s of minutes. I'm adding batteries and solar permitting be damned.

andyferris

Distributed can do redundancy. It’s relatively cheap.

Consider a family with two cars instead of one. How often do they have zero working cars? The correlated failure rate squares while the cost doubles.

My home now has a grid connection, house battery and solar, a caravan with mounted solar/battery/fridge/inverter beside it, and I also have a portable “powerstation” and portable solar panel which is basically a UPS. My fridge contents and phone charging needs have a several extra 9’s now for costs that have scaled very well.

These systems are tech that is improving rapidly. In some years these African farmers with their increased yields will likely add a bigger, second solar & battery system. In a village you can run a cable next door. Etc.

null

[deleted]

zahlman

> And grid has a lot of 9s.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_blackout_of_2003

Not as many as you might think.

manoDev

A grid in a remote place in Africa would have less 9's than self reliance on solar.

rsynnott

> And grid has a lot of 9s.

I mean, it very much depends on where you are. Three 9s would be no more than about 8 hours downtime per year. A lot of rural locations would do worse than that, realistically.

mothballed

Solar bribery is interestingly the exact opposite in some of the USA, where the solar contractors have basically gotten in bed with government for regulatory capture on the market.

Most places in my state you need an electrician license, permits, bonding, insurance, a special 'solar' warranty, and inspections if you want solar.

I built my house without any inspection or licensing and connected to the electric grid without anyone from the government ever even looking at it or taking money for it. If I wanted to add a solar system, it basically completely fucked everything and I would have had to gone through the normal permitting and inspection system for my house which would have made even building the house basically impossible for me.

organsnyder

> I built my house without any inspection or licensing and connected to the electric grid without anyone from the government ever even looking at it or taking money for it.

That's... not common (perhaps more-so in rural areas).

In my area, being connected to the grid brings a lot more hassle: the utility gets a say in how much solar you can build, as well as how it's connected. Some of it makes sense (they want to make sure you're not going to backfeed during an outage and cause a hazard to linemen), but a lot of it is them protecting their bottom line.

mothballed

Interesting. My utility let me do my own service entrance and everything. They didn't even give a shit what I connected it to. I ended up powering a whole house and a trailer without anyone from the power company even looking at either of them (I added them after I built a 200 amp service entrance as just a stubbed entrance with no load).

If I added a solar system they would neither care nor have any idea. Only the government cares here.

datadrivenangel

Where did you build a house without a permit and get away with it?

mothballed

I have a permit. And the permit basically says I don't have to get it inspected, show building plans, or do anything but tip my hat to the government.

Unless I add solar.

jmole

"I built my house without any inspection or licensing and connected to the electric grid"

Where exactly do you live? I'm not saying you're lying, but this smells like a tall tale. You can easily buy solar panels and batteries, and if no government inspectors are coming by anyway, then it doesn't matter.

Maybe what you're saying is, "my power company wouldn't let me use grid-tied solar without it being permitted." ?

mothballed

Rural AZ

>"my power company wouldn't let me use grid-tied solar without it being permitted." ?

Nah they didn't give a shit what I connected it to. I literally stubbed a 200 amp service entrance on vacant land then just went wild connecting it to whatever I like. I shot the shit with their engineer when they ran secondary off the power pole and that was it, I've never seen them again.

> no government inspectors are coming by anyway, then it doesn't matter.

I don't know for certain but having an unpermitted solar panel visible via satellite would likely trigger a visit.

tick_tock_tick

> Decentralized solar plus batteries is already cheaper than electricity + transmission for me at my home in the US.

How do they deal with the cost of storage for anything non trivial completely eclipsing any savings?

energy123

Well it doesn't eclipse savings, you can still get about 12% annual ROI in developing countries with a battery.

And many will make do without a battery, just relying on power during the day.

tick_tock_tick

> Well it doesn't eclipse savings

I mean it's several hundred fold more expensive I'd call that "eclipse" but maybe you have a higher threshold for that word?

> And many will make do without a battery, just relying on power during the day.

I mean I guess that's an option if you don't want these places to advance in quality of life or produce much of anything.

whatever1

Poor countries have different problems that don’t let decentralization to work.

Local gangs go around and demand protection money and if you don’t pay up your solar panels will unfortunately suffer some “accidental” catastrophic damage.

datadrivenangel

Apparently solar panels that have fake cracks are moderately popular in some parts of the world to deter theft and similar behavior.

skissane

Poor countries have these problems, yes, but they don’t stop whatever, they just add some expense to it. In certain areas of Mexico, businesses have to pay taxes to the local cartel, but if you do, they’ll leave you alone-and they know that if they demand too much, that’s actually undermining their own self-interest. Effectively, the cartel is just another level of local government, taxing you like all the others do. An armed gang or warlord somewhere in Africa or Syria or Afghanistan very often functions similarly.

CobrastanJorji

This is the most optimistic thing I've read about this year. When they got to "and also they replaced diesel farming with solar panels and are making bank," I had a big smile, and when I got to "and they're selling it as carbon credits on the side," I just started giggling. Wonderful!

TrainedMonkey

I think this is really cool, but math seems off:

> A company (Sun King, SunCulture) installs a solar system in your home > * You pay ~$100 down > * Then $40-65/month over 24-30 months

But also:

> The magic is this: You’re not buying a $1,200 solar system. You’re replacing $3-5/week kerosene spending with a $0.21/day solar subscription (so with $1.5 per week half the price of kerosene)

$1.5 week is $6 a month, not $60.

titanomachy

And earlier they say “$120 upfront might as well be a million when you’re making $2/day”. The whole article reads like it was vomited up by an LLM trained exclusively on LinkedIn posts. The math errors are consistent with that.

icedshrimp

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ib-atDnj5jE

video from sunking from 7 years ago where the cost of a basic system was 25¢ per day. Probably cheaper now.

the article wording/numbers seem mixed up but the overall argument holds up when you look at the actual products they're talking about here

tetris11

Isn't $6 a month the cost of the subscription, but the $40-56 a month the cost of the installation?

asadm

I also saw this on my recent visit to Pakistan, the country has flipped to solar instead of grid for most middle-class homes. Farmers and small industries also have started using solar a lot! Truly transformational (and cheap) thanks to China.

conductr

Isn't this the same thing they did with the internet? They skipped the wired revolution and just implemented it when mobile phone networks made if more feasible. If you look at it only in the present, it seems revolutionary, their mobile usage is through the roof - how modern of them. But if you dig in, they also had decades with essentially no data services when the rest of the world was surfing the web full tilt and they still have a lower access to actual computers which may be lost jobs/skills/etc. In this case, they've had decades of power instability and all that comes with it. So there are tradeoffs being had. It's not a bad strategy for some of the poorer parts of the world to let the rest of the world do the innovating until things are affordable, it's quite smart and should be expected actually.

xipho

"But here’s the thing: this massively understates the opportunity.

The solar system is the Trojan horse. The real business is the financial relationship with 40 million customers."

Soooo... they have a good thing going, there is an opportunity to fsk them over? Like more centralized fees?

ajnin

Ah, capitalism. It's only rainbows, children laughing and happiness. Well, if you're a potentially profitable customer, of course, otherwise you're left on the side of the road. And if you're not part of that low 10% that can't repay the costs and presumably gets violently thrown back to the last century.

Are massive infrastructure projects a failure ? Most definitely. But is corporate driven development the panacea this articles makes it out to be ? I don't think so. Especially telling is the last bit explaining how 3 households of a village sign a contract, then 30, but never does the whole village get solar. Public projects have that universality that is sorely needed. Should that one person that can't pay be left in the dark ? Too poor, too sick, too old, too unique, not profitable!

tomasz_fm

This article has ChatGPT written all over it

drmath

I could handle this style when it wasn't everywhere. But now I've developed a hypersensitivity and can't bear it. It's like suddenly most of the internet is in a language I can't read.

neom

I hand wrote something recently that I re-read the next day and I'm worried I sound like an LLM now, I'm pretty sure I always sounded like one because I like it to make exhaustive lists in my sentences, but it makes me wonder if the bot is rubbing off on me.

wlesieutre

I don't get how it makes this jump

> Then $40-65/month over 24-30 months

> replacing $3-5/week kerosene spending with a $0.21/day solar subscription (so with $1.5 per week half the price of kerosene)" in the next paragraph.

If it's $40-65/month that's $1.33 to $2.17 per day, not $0.21/day (assuming month with 30 days)

hatthew

Similarly

> Crop yields increase 3-5×

> Farmers go from $600/acre to $14,000/acre revenue

Wouldn't that revenue jump require a 23x increase in crop yield?

abdullahkhalids

Let's be very charitable and figure out a scenario where this could be true.

Suppose, a farmer has a farm which produces 1 unit of crop. Farmer uses 0.8 of the crop for subsistence and sells 0.2 of the crop. They get $600/acre.

Now, crop yields go up 5x, so now the farm produces 5 units of crop. Subsistence needs are the same, so the farmer is now able to sell 4.2 units of crop. This is 4.2/0.2 = 21 times more revenue or $12,600/acre.

wiz21c

maybe over the lifetime of the installation ? But then they say the battery must be replaced after 5 years... So 5*12 - 30 months = 30 months without paying. So one pays about half 2.17 per day over the 5 years. But that's still about 5 times more than 0.21$/day... I'd love to believe the article, but you're right, the maths seem wrong.

epistasis

That's in a "bear case" section and honestly is far too bearish, warranties are typically 10+ years for. Unless you buy something super cheap that goes bad and the manufacturer is no longer around.

fakedang

ChatGPT math.

djmips

It has a voice don't it...

null

[deleted]

mikepurvis

"Modular. Distributed. Digital. Financed by the people using it, subsidized by the carbon it avoids."

Every second paragraph thinks it's Steve Jobs introducing the iPhone.

maxglute

Would be interesting if renewable exporters are going to ge emission credit vs penalty vs fossil exporters. I mean it won't change anything, dead dinosaur sauce must flow, but it's a useful way to attribute actual emission producers at source.

manoDev

This article is a good example of how, sometimes, starting from scratch is a blessing, since you can adopt the best tech right away instead of fighting market inertia and monopolies trying to keep a status quo - as a counter example, see Japan being stuck w/ fax past the internet advent.

energy123

North Africa has a lot of sun, a lot of land, and not much solar seasonality. They will be hit hard with climate change though.

w10-1

TLDR: dirty fuel is being displaced by clean electricity for 500M+ Africans beyond the grid via combination of cheap solar panels + batteries, microfinancing, electronic payments, and a carbon-credit kicker. Two main players captured most consumers and farmers via hard-to-reproduce integration. TAM should increase 3X with China's continued oversupply and govt-backed financing. Case studies available for key points.

Inspiring. My only critique would be that the excited tone (and exclusivity) ends up detracting from the achievement and opportunity.