We may not like what we become if A.I. solves loneliness
377 comments
·August 2, 2025stdvit
> Even in a world brimming with easy distractions—TikTok, Pornhub, Candy Crush, Sudoku—people still manage to meet for drinks, work out at the gym, go on dates, muddle through real life.
They actually don't. Everything from dating and fitness to manufacturing and politics is in decline in activities, and more so in effect and understanding. You can't convince (enough) people anymore that it is even important as many don't have capacity to do it. And it isn't even something new at this point.
dv_dt
Though it's popularized to blame social media and phones, economics should not be overlooked. Pay for young generations is lagging and restaurants and bar prices are super high. Public spaces for informal gatherings has shrunk - eg fewer malls
socalgal2
This doesn't match my experience. In fact one thing I noticed living in Japan is how much more willing people are to spend money to meet up. Lots of events costs 3000-7000 yen. Clubs and bar have a cover charge. People will organize parties where they rent a bar and tell their friends it's 4000 yen each (about $27 currently but was closer to $40) in the past. They'll even have house parties and tell everyone to pitch in 1000-2000 yen. In the states, my experience is even a $5 and people will complain.
The point being it's culture not economics. In fact Japanese generally make less money. IT salaries are in the $50k range. Minimum wage is $7.5 Yet they still go out.
bapak
> they still go out
It's vastly cheaper to go out in Japan, even if there are more expensive options. Not many cheap hangout options in a lot of places.
vincnetas
When mall is called a public space... Public space situation is really sad.
Hoasi
> When mall is called a public space... Public space situation is really sad.
Absolutely, but still, that is a reality in many cities. They are places where "going to the mall" is the main form of entertainment left.
anal_reactor
Bullshit. Most people can afford grabbing a beer in a supermarket and going to the park. They just choose not to.
I think the real change is that nowadays it's just easier and more practical NOT to maintain friendships. Yes, it's lonely, but it's more efficient.
roncesvalles
Drinking outdoors (let alone at a public park) is just not a thing outside Europe.
haswell
> Yes, it's lonely, but it's more efficient.
It doesn’t make much sense to me to put loneliness against efficiency.
What does it matter if it’s “inefficient” to maintain friendships of the easily is a lonely life without social connections?
People are prioritizing the wrong things IMO.
tekno45
ignoring data for your feelings is how we got here.
Den_VR
So, who are you going to go drinking with at the park?
And in reverse, you’re visiting the park and see someone there drinking. What’s your impression?
exe34
> Bullshit. Most people can afford grabbing a beer in a supermarket and going to the park. They just choose not to.
In the UK, most councils have made parks alcohol-free zones. Also, the parks are only nice about 3 months a year. The rest of the time it's damp and miserable.
Aurornis
I go out and do different activities that involve socialization. There are more people than ever going to the climbing gyms, meeting at the hiking trailhead, hanging out in the ski lift lines, and so on. All of the social places I’ve been going and activities I’ve been doing since a teenager are more crowded than ever, at a rate far faster than the local population growth.
Many of the people doing these activities discovers them online or met others to do it online.
I don’t buy the claim that everything social and in-person is in decline.
Though I could see how easy it would be to believe that for someone who gets caught in the internet bubble. You’re not seeing the people out and about if you’re always at home yourself.
abeppu
You're basically saying that people who aren't social mistakenly view the rest of the world as not social because of their specific experience, but doesn't that effect also cut the other way? You're seeing people being social because you're going to those situations.
But there are time use surveys etc which provide a quantitative view of a lot of people. Because they're voluntary, they can't be a perfect representative sample of the overall population. But I think the broad, systematic view is still the best view we have of the overall trend. Also note that the scale and pace of the trend is slow enough that any individual _can't_ really provide an anecdotal view of it, because their own life is in a different place.
E.g. one source [1]:
> Atalay reports that, between 2003 and 2019, people spent an increasing amount of time alone. Over this 16-year period, the portion of free time people spent alone increased, on average, from 43.5 percent to 48.7 percent, representing an increase of over 5 percentage points.
Any given individual's time-use would probably change over 16 years regardless of what the population-level trends were just because that duration might also be the difference between e.g. being in school vs being married with young children or from being a busy professional to being a retiree.
[1] https://www.philadelphiafed.org/the-economy/macroeconomics/h...
Aurornis
> You're seeing people being social because you're going to those situations.
No, I’m saying the same social activities are more popular now than they were 10-20 years ago.
I’ve been doing some of the same activities and going on some of the same hikes, bikes, runs, trails, and parks on and off for two decades. The popularity of these activities has exploded.
Even previously hidden trails and hikes are now very busy on Saturdays and Sundays because so many people are discovering them via social media.
If you’re just staying home and consuming doomerism news you’d think everyone else was doing the same.
> Over this 16-year period, the portion of free time people spent alone increased, on average, from 43.5 percent to 48.7 percent, representing an increase of over 5 percentage points.
That’s hardly equivalent to the claim above of a collapse of socialization.
godot
One thing that not enough people realize is that the gap between haves and have-nots widen in almost everything when technology advances, and I don't mean just wealth (that is one too), but also knowledge (LLM/AI widens knowledge gap between the curious and not-curious by a lot), and in this case socialization -- the availability of technology (in both organizing activities like your example and in AI loneliness like the article) widens the socialize and not-socialize people.
In the old days, not-socialize people tend to be forced to socialize anyway; but techonology enables them to not-socialize 99% of time now. Likewise, socialize people needed to put in more effort to socialize in the old days, but now it's easier than ever.
When more people realize this, the discourse should shift from "technology creates this trend" to "technology widens the gap between X and not-X".
socalgal2
> I don’t buy the claim that everything social and in-person is in decline.
I'm pretty confident this is a well measured fact.
garciasn
Depends on where you live. Areas that have a culture of outdoor activity and strangers talking to one another is a requirement. Here in MN, for example, outdoor activity does exist year round but strangers talking to one another is not.
lentil_soup
Is that actually true? Do we have data for that?
ajkjk
Two separate questions, with possibly uncorrelated answers.
IgorPartola
I’d like to offer an alternative explanation than AI to this. Shit is just too damn expensive. If you want to go hang out with friends it will cost you $4-8 for a cup of coffee. A dinner starts at $50/person. A trip to an amusement park is over $100 easily. The median individual income in the US currently is just over $65k/year or about $32.50/hour. That means half the workforce makes less than that. When an 8oz cocktail costs you an hour of your life because you work for minimum wage, you’d rather stay home and watch TikTok.
But it’s not about the price of going out. It is about the crushing stress of surviving in this economic climate that is leaving people absolutely no energy to go and socialize. Whenever the average personal economy swings back towards “can afford to live in this country” again, people will socialize again. Until then everything will be in decline except stock trading and investment in AI projects.
soulofmischief
In my state is the federal minimum of $7.25/hr. You're looking at two hours of work for one cocktail.
And my state is addicted to alcohol. The overwhelming majority of people I know in this state won't even meet up with you if there's not a beer waiting for them. People work all week and then spend half their paycheck in one night, then rinse, wash, repeat.
I consider the state of affairs here to be nothing short of abject poverty.
I look around at the declining, unmaintained infrastructure, I hear youth talk about how so many establishments have closed and how if you don't have money there is nothing to do, and you get harassed at parks (I have personally had the police pull up and accost me for just existing at a park) so the only thing left to do is get into mischief, unless you just don't want social contact with your peers. I tell people it looks and feels worse than post-Soviet Eastern Europe out here in Louisiana.
kergonath
> I consider the state of affairs here to be nothing short of abject poverty.
It sounds like Dickens, to be honest. Or Zola.
hn_throwaway_99
This idea of pretending that your only option is $15 cocktails really makes this argument look lame. Not to mention that the federal minimum wage is basically irrelevant in most places - where I live starting entry level pay at McDonald's is $17/hr.
Cocktails were expensive when I was young, too. We just hardly ever drank them. We went to the liquor store and bought the cheapest shit we could that probably had a 50/50 chance of making us go blind.
JadoJodo
> It is about the crushing stress of surviving in this economic climate that is leaving people absolutely no energy to go and socialize.
The past 2-years have been some of the most difficult of my life (for a number of non-work reasons). After work, family, and household tasks, I have often been left with little energy in the evenings (and no real desire to socialize). And yet, as a part of a church men's group I attend weekly, I have had the opportunity to engage with others going through similar things. How do I know that they are going through similar things? Because it's come out when as I've consistently engaged with the same group of people.
It's very easy when you're tired and stressed to “turtle” and internalize everything; I've done it more times than I can count. And yet this is the time when I most need others. These guys are not in my friends group, and yet the struggles (and successes) that are shared are sometimes more than I hear from close friends. The result of hearing others' struggles is the realization that a) I am not the only one going through hard stuff, and b) focusing on others' struggles makes dealing with my own easier.
“Socializing” with others may cost money, but connecting with them doesn't have to: I spend $0/week meeting the guys in my group for an hour or two. In reflecting on my own attitudes towards socializing in the past, I've come to realize that it can be very self-focused: How can _I_ feel better? How can _I_ have fun? What can _I_ get out of going out?
I am, by no means, the arbiter of selflessness (not even close, ha!), but I have learned that connecting with others' with their good in mind has had the incredible effect of giving me energy where there was very little before.
Just my $0.02.
Aurornis
> If you want to go hang out with friends it will cost you $4-8 for a cup of coffee. A dinner starts at $50/person. A trip to an amusement park is over $100 easily. The median individual income in the US currently is just over $65k/year or about $32.50/hour. That means half the workforce makes less than that. When an 8oz cocktail costs you an hour of your life because you work for minimum wage, you’d rather stay home and watch TikTok.
These comments are so strange to read. There’s an entire world of people out there doing things and socializing without buying cocktails or $100 amusement park tickets to do it.
You don’t need to pay anything more than what it takes to get you to someone else or a common meeting spot like a walk through the park.
In the fitness world there’s a never ending stream of people who complain that they want to get in shape but can’t afford a $100/month gym membership. When you explain to them that the $20/month budget gym is fine or you can buy some $30 quality running shoes on clearance, they either disappear or get angry because you’ve pierced their excuse for avoiding the activity. I tend to see something similar when you explain that you don’t need to buy $8 coffees or $100 amusement park tickets to socialize with people.
aunty_helen
I agree with this wholeheartedly, but those 100$ amusement parks have a lot of budget to advertise and make it seem like they’re the only place to go on your free time.
No body is putting up billboards for silent reading clubs so they get drowned out making it appear as if those options aren’t there. Advertising works.
johnfn
I don't buy this explanation. There are plenty of things you can do together that don't cost very much - or anything at all. You can go take a hike. You can go to the park and hang out, or play a board game. You can go to a court and play pickleball. Heck, go to the library! All these things are free and many people do them.
gonzobonzo
Or even just...call a friend for a chat. Few people are interested in that these days. A few decades ago, you'd even see media where people were chatting on house phones so much that different people in one house would fight over the phone. "Get off the phone" used to mean "stop talking to your friend on the phone."
Here's an article from 1999[1]:
> Although you may think your parents are unreasonable when they tell you to get off the phone after you've "only" been talking two hours, it doesn't have to turn into a big blow-up.
It honestly feels like a lot of people are trying to find excuses to be anti-social these days.
[1] https://www.ucg.org/watch/beyond-today/virtual-christian-mag...
taormina
Gas costs money. The car costs money. You can only do the same hike that's an hour away so many times, before you're traveling to go to new places, and hotels cost money at that point. Pickleball courts cost money. The pickleball equipment costs money. People do go to the library, and then they go home and don't interact with other people.
IgorPartola
See my second point: financial stress leaves people depressed.
intended
Shit is expensive is in context of the option to watch tikitok.
Not that shit is expensive as a be all explanation in and of itself.
It’s a point on the relative ease/benefit of content vs meeting people. And you can even meet people over zoom or a video game now.
hn_throwaway_99
I totally agree, though I'd like to frame OP's argument a little differently in a way that makes more sense I think.
I agree the "shit is just too expensive" is a pretty lame excuse. I think to back when I was a poor ballet dancer around college age, and we always found lots of cheap things to do - a lot of it was like you said, usually just going over to people's houses to hang out, or doing stuff in the city that was cheap or free. Going out to restaurants was a rare treat, and it was almost always a cheap dive place. I had to laugh about the comment about the expense of "8 oz cocktails" - we weren't drinking cocktails, we were drinking 6 packs of Natty Light in someone's studio apartment.
But what I think has changed is that it's so much easier to not be bored with modern tech, even if it makes you lonely. There is TikTok, YouTube, Netflix, multiplayer gaming, etc. It's just a lot easier to sit at home with these kinds of entertainment, so the "activation energy" required to go get up and plan things with friends just feels a lot higher.
newsclues
The library has become a place for drugs addicts and homeless people who use the free computers to look at porn.
It’s no longer a nice or safe place to go.
rayiner
Coal miners in 1890s appalachia had healthier and more active social lives than american white collar workers. This does not have anything to do with economics.
IgorPartola
I am not saying you are wrong but from what I understood that alcoholism and depression were quite prevalent in those times. Do you have sources for what you are saying?
calebkaiser
The 1890s were the launching point for widespread unionization among coal miners in places like my home-state of Kentucky. Company towns were increasingly common, and major motivations for unionization were to combat things like being paid in company skrip or letting neighborhood kids ("breaker boys" as young as 8) work in the mines. There social lives--from their neighborhood, to their social "clubs", to the literal currency they were able to use--were entirely defined by their job and the company they worked for.
Tough to use them as proof that this "doesn't have anything to do with economics" when their entire social life was defined by the economics of coal mining.
dv_dt
Economics drives longer working hours - don't American averages exceed Japan now?
dismalaf
I'd wager those coal miners spent a lot less (relatively) on housing and had cheap venues to socialize.
jjulius
> A dinner starts at $50/person.
I went to dinner with a friend last night and my meal was $22. I go to lunch with coworkers and often only spend ~$15-ish.
One also doesn't need to do activities that cost money in order to hang out with people one knows. Get together and play board games or cards. I hung out with my friends last weekend - we brought our records over and DJ'd, someone brought some frozen burgers, I supplied some THC tincture I've had for months, another person brought a cheap bottle of wine they also already had. We had a blast for like seven hours.
Hiking is also fantastic, and free!
IgorPartola
And that’s my second point. Even if you do things that don’t cost money, the stress of living paycheck to paycheck is going to sap any will to live from most people experiencing it.
foobarian
> my meal was $22
Including tax and tip?
nottorp
> When an 8oz cocktail costs you an hour of your life
I don't know about that, we meet with a group of friends at someone's house, we all pitch in for the ingredients and make the cocktails ourselves.
Aurornis
It feels weird to read all these responses from people who think the only way to socialize is to pay high prices at bars and coffee shops.
It’s like how someone who avoids socialization imagines what socialization looks like. I hope some people are reading this thread and realizing it’s not as expensive as they assume to go out and do things. There are many people out there making a fraction of what most readers here do who have no problem finding things to do for socialization.
moralestapia
You're right, but also.
Most of my best years with friends I spent little to no money while meeting them.
Just going to the local park and sit down and talk or do dumb things, free.
add-sub-mul-div
You're both right, it is in decline and it does still happen. Which is why it's not hopeless, and we really can't have AI as a force multiplier accelerating the decline.
xtracto
I'm a 44 yo Xenial, not too old, not young. That is, I'm part of the "walkman generation" .
It surprises me how people are less and less open to socialize, to the point that some even see you with disgust if you DARE to interrupt them from.their mobile phone trance.
Society nowadays is pretty ugly. Younger generations seem very isolationist to me.
socalgal2
I'm sure this is more a reflection on me but I try to go out to meet strangers at meetups and I find I quite often don't like the people.
You might get the random ultra woke person who makes it impossible for others to have a conversation because they're just waiting to be triggered by anything anyone else says and find a way to spin every comment into an offence.
If anyone brings up politics then the meetup is over, at least for me.
I struck up a conversation with the person setting next to me at an outdoor cafe. He was probably 84-ish. He'd married someone from Japan he'd met there in the 60s. They had not had any children. I brought up the population issue in a light way (Japan's population is declining), something like making the joke that they didn't help Japan's population decline. He replied something like "anyone who tells you there's an underpopulation issue is lying. The planet has 8 billion people which is way too many". And that was when I knew I wasn't going to continue the conversation.
(not Japan but same topic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ufmu1WD2TSk)
kogasa240p
>Younger generations seem very isolationist to me.
Gen Z here, blame smartphones and the destruction of communal areas/3rd spaces; COVID really threw gasoline on an already bad fire.
dclowd9901
Same gen (42). I feel like we have a really unique lens on all of this, too: old enough to remember being in a smoky bar, socializing (not healthy, but fun as hell), but also young enough to have had some technological exposure at a crucial time of our youth. We _leveraged_ technology for socializing in person. Our online pursuits were around organizing lighthearted social goofiness like "getting iced", LARPing, and flash mobs. All of which would probably make younger generations eye roll to death out of secondary cringe.
I guess at some point people started taking themselves way too seriously. Worrying about what others think, or something, I don't know. In a way, social interaction is kind of like a standoff in the dusty streets of an old west town. Someone has to make the first move to expose themselves, and it doesn't seem like anyone wants to be that person anymore.
benreesman
I'm about to be 41 and likewise very distinctly remember a time when cell phones were a vehicle for organizing the evening or weekend's plans, quickly making a connection with someone you met ("let me get your number"), whatever, buying weed or something. The point was to make friends, get laid, network without calling it that. The idea was that some of those random people would become your crew of friends, one of those girls would become your wife, and you'd end up settled down to kick off the next generation. And I know some people who did end up settled dowm...but not that many, not like the generation right before mine. Kind of hit or miss in my cohort.
Near as I can tell that was still roughly the model on paper if less and less until COVID and lockdown and all that. Something snapped, you can see it walking down the street of any city you knew well before. People never came back outside with the same vigor.
I don't claim to understand the causal structure between all the various factors: the bleak economic prospects, the decline in institutions, the increasingly rapacious and cynical Big Tech cabal, there are a ton of factors.
But COVID before and after, that's when it collectively became too much to easily bounce back from.
michaelt
> I guess at some point people started taking themselves way too seriously. Worrying about what others think, or something, I don't know.
When I was a teenager, precisely one guy had videoed his teenage self waving around a broomstick like a lightsaber, and had it end up online. Video cameras and editing equipment were rare and expensive. And that one man was a cautionary tale, not to wave a broomstick like a lightsaber anywhere there are video cameras.
Now the video cameras are in everyone's pockets 24/7, and with the internet connection built in. Is it any wonder nobody's waving a broomstick like a lightsaber?
mtalantikite
A friend of mine had passes to Rage Against the Machine with Run the Jewels at MSG a couple years ago and brought me. A few songs into the RATM set I realized there weren't that many young people in the stadium, because there wasn't a sea of phones recording everything for social media. Just tens of thousands of people pretty locked in to the moment. A younger act and all you see are thousands of screens glowing.
I've always felt that we (older millennials) sort of hit a sweet spot technology wise. We pretty naturally straddled that analog to digital world.
bee_rider
Is LARP dying out? I mean it was always a bit niche and nerdy, but is it on a down-swing?
I was actually thinking the other day, I haven’t hit anybody with a boffer in a while, might need to get back to it.
AaronAPU
43, and I agree as well.
I notice when just out and about other people my age and older still have the familiar vibe. Young people are in another universe and it doesn’t seem like a more pleasant one.
There are exceptions though of course
salawat
And why shouldn't they be? The Xenials and late boomers intellectual chops got funneled into an industry specifically intended to attack and monopolize their attention loops and data. To their credit, they're probably having a healthier response to the entire thing than I do by pushing back against further unwelcome intrusion even if it's still pretty subconscious for a lot of them at this point.
squigz
> It surprises me how people are less and less open to socialize, to the point that some even see you with disgust if you DARE to interrupt them from.their mobile phone trance.
Have you considered that maybe it's you, and you're just interrupting at the wrong time? Imagine someone's reading a book and you interrupt them and then you blame them for getting annoyed?!
icameron
I’m not OP but similar in age and remember when it wasn’t always like that. You could talk to someone who was reading the paper on the bus, they wouldn’t be annoyed. Being in public it was fair game. There would be conversations happening between strangers. Now it’s silent on the bus and everyone is on their phones nobody is chatting up strangers.
dec0dedab0de
I think this is an ai response
anovikov
[flagged]
Swizec
> For years, i tried to lose weight with gym and dieting. I failed, and now i know i probably never had a chance to, it was a scam all along.
> lost all weight i wanted with Wegovy
It’s not a scam. The trick is that you probably weren’t dieting aggressively enough before Wegovy. All diets and GLP inhibitors work on the same principle: Caloric restriction.
It is simply impossible to stay fat without eating enough calories. But that’s really really hard to do without help. I have friends and family on GLP and they regularly eat less than 800 calories per day. You can’t do that on your own, the willpower it would take is hard to imagine.
Conversely when I’m marathon training it’s almost impossible to eat enough calories to avoid losing weight. Eating itself becomes a huge chore. Run 10mi/day and I promise you’ll lose weight the old fashioned way.
bluecalm
Idk man, I find it pretty easy to eat any amount of calories. I actually gained weight when burning around 1500kcal/day on a bike during one month - way more than running 10mi/day would burn. That you find it difficult to eat enough during marathon training means your body is at least decent at regulating itself. For some people it's very easy (my gf stays at her very lean weight even when injured and doing 0 sports and then still stays there when burning 1000kcal/day) while for some it's very hard without help (my experience above).
daymanstep
> For years, i tried to lose weight with gym and dieting. I failed, and now i know i probably never had a chance to, it was a scam all along.
In what way is dieting a scam? You literally just eat less, and you will lose weight as long as you're on a calorie deficit.
meindnoch
Americans believe diet and exercise "doesn't work". The reasons are twofold: on one hand, this is coming from the fat acceptance / body positivity movement, which needs people to believe that diet and exercise are futile, and being fat is just a fact of life, like being tall or short. They want people to believe that being fat is a disability, or even an attribute of diversity that we ought to accept and celebrate. On the other hand, American food products make it unnecessarily hard to consistently meet your caloric deficit, which makes people wrongly conclude that diet and exercise just doesn't work.
simianparrot
I have yet to meet a single person that doesn't lose weight steadily but surely down to a healthy level by even just _attempting_ 16/8 intermittent fasting combined with at least 30 minutes of cardio every day -- even a brisk walk will do as long as it makes you warm and sweat. Even if you miss some days with cardio and only manage 12/12 with intermittent fasting some days, it's literally impossible for the body to gain weight this way. I'm sure there's one medical outlier among ten thousand or something, but in my 39 years I've never met a single one. Cardio is tougher the more you weigh, and intermittent fasting restricts carbs naturally.
ofjcihen
I’m glad you lost the weight either way :)
Just want to throw this out there for you and everyone’s benefit. Regular physical activity helps you age gracefully and has a lot of physical and emotional benefits besides weight loss.
ninalanyon
In my case it seems that the problem is a combination of stomach capacity and the desire to taste all those lovely things.
What works for me is to keep myself occupied, to insist on eating only things that I really want because of the taste, and to eat little at a time but more often.
My GP concurs and claims that restricting one's intake by having several small meals instead of one large one results in the stomach effectively shrinking so that over time you find yourself feeling full after a relatively small meal. When I am at home I use a smaller plate at dinner than the rest of my family so that I just can't pile as much on.
After nearly a decade of this the result is that I simply cannot eat the same amounts as I used without feeling uncomfortable, so I don't.
arcticfox
Until they invent the exercise pill, the gym is absolutely still a good idea
Workaccount2
Your body is a machine that burns calories. Give it less calories and it will burn its calorie stores.
You are right that there are a lot of scams that complicate this fact as much as possible to get money from you.
But rest assured, if you calculate your TDEE (many simple calcs online), and food scale your calories (everything you eat) to a diet -500 under your TDEE, you will lose weight (or you are a perpetual motion machine).
bluecalm
Yeah but it's meaningless. The struggle with losing weight comes from difficult to overcome hunger pangs.
Advising people about calorie restriction is the same as advising an alcoholic to just stop drinking. It's easy if you can do it but if you can you wouldn't have a problem to begin with. It is missing the problem entirely.
phyphy
Confidently incorrect. Body builds what it thinks it needs. Lifting weights? It will think you need muscles. Living sedentarily? It will think you are conserving evergy and you need fat reserves. Running daily? It will think all the needs are met and you need cognitive strength.
konart
>Wegovy (semaglutide) injection 2.4 mg is an injectable prescription medicine used __with a reduced calorie diet and increased physical activity__
Just saying.
Neither gym not dieting are scams and simply can't be by their nature. People who say that either have some serious health condition (and obviously you can beat some things with will alone) or people who failed at realising that "dieting" is about their consumption habbits.
Most people I see with this problem convince themselves that they are on a diet while they continue with their eating habbits.
You "just" tricked you brain and made things easier for yourself. Good for you but calling gym and dieting a scam is just laughable.
ebabani
In what way was the gym a scam?
derektank
My understanding is that the metabolic rate slows down to compensate for the caloric loss from exercise
The only consistent way to enter a caloric deficit is to diet, which is very hard for the obvious reasons
Workaccount2
Losing weight is done in the kitchen, not the gym.
In fact exercise makes you crazy hungry, which sabotages tons of people's weight loss efforts.
It's better to lose weight, learn how your body and calories work, and then start implementing gym work.
shortrounddev2
You pay $100 a month but the fine print is you have to show up everyday and work out!
mindwok
We, humanity, are on the verge of a question we’ve never had to answer before: what does it mean to be human, and do we even want to be? Because for the first time in history, we might be able to answer “no”.
In many major facets life we’re about to transcend the boundaries that have limited us since we started talking to each other. Health with ozempic and CRISPR, relationships with AI companions, entertainment with social media and AI generated content.
It’s a very interesting time to be human.
kylecazar
AI is incapable of solving loneliness. It's a biological signal we have (thanks to evolution) to seek social connections with other humans, for things like reproduction and survival. Mentally healthy people will never be less lonely as long as they know they are talking to a model. All it can offer is a distraction and an illusion, because it has no humanity.
Note: I don't even think dogs solve loneliness. They can make you happy, less bored, and it's a meaningful relationship -- but they won't satisfy a yearning for human connection.
miki123211
> as long as they know they are talking to a model
Any evidence for this?
It's obvious that a sufficiently advanced AI could solve loneliness if it was allowed to present as human, you just wouldn't know it isn't one. I'm entirely unconvinced that something which seems human in all respects couldn't replace one, even if your brain knows that it's actually AI.
mensetmanusman
A sufficiently advanced ai that tricks humans would be a human life itself…
bflesch
one day, some sick mind will do a study with a baby who is only exposed to AI without any real human contact
aradox66
caught in the wild, the moving goalposts of the Turing test
dclowd9901
On your last point, I've noticed an uptick in folks treating their dogs in ways most people might treat their children. So while I think on paper what you say makes sense, at some point, I think people are in fact personifying their pets to a degree that they recognize them as adjacent to human beings.
mortenjorck
I don’t think your point and the reply about dogs are in disagreement. If anything, the “anthropification” of dogs (putting them in strollers, having birthday parties for them) strongly suggests that AI is headed for that role, and if happiness surveys are anything to go by, neither the dogs nor the chat bots are going to have the desired effect, even as they trend toward ubiquity.
zahlman
> Mentally healthy people will never be less lonely as long as they know they are talking to a model
A lot of people are not mentally healthy.
And then there's https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELIZA_effect.
brulard
It may be incapable to solve loneliness, but it may be very capable to be a bandaid so effective, that people just wouldn't bother to deal with another people.
f311a
Yeah, there is also a hormonal aspect that I don't think AI can trigger.
MattGaiser
> Mentally healthy people will never be less lonely as long as they know they are talking to a model.
What is the basis of this? Artificial synthetics can trick every other element of the human body. Why not the brain?
egypturnash
It's not going to solve loneliness.
It's just going to provide a weak substitute for actual socialization.
Talking with actual humans but only over the internet is not enough, I have been there and it was a terrible trap, it provided just enough to make it possible for me to avoid physical socialization, while not giving me enough to actually thrive; we need to get out and be in the same place with other people, doing things, making emotional connections, even if we are awkward in person because too much of our socialization has been online and we barely know how to carry on a conversation.
Talking with a fake person over the internet is not going to be any better, especially if this fake person is built with the same meticulous attention to maximizing engagement at the expense of everything else that has thus far characterized all our social media, it doesn't matter if these interactions make you happier or sadder, it doesn't matter if these interactions are good for you or society as a whole, as long as you keep coming back so the company can point at an ever-growing MAU number when they make their next pitch for funding.
Nathanba
Real humans are also fake and they are also traps who are waiting to catch you when you say something they don't like. Then they also use every word and piece of information as ammunition against you, ironically sort of similar to the criticism always levied against online platforms who track you and what you say. AI robots are going to easily replace real humans because compared to most real humans the AI is already a saint. They don't have an ego, they don't try to gaslight you, they actually care about what you say which is practically impossible to find in real life.. I mean this isn't even going to be a competition. Real humans are not going to be able to evolve into the kind of objectively better human beings that they would need to be to compete with a robot.
AlecSchueler
Real humans are real. Their flaws are real. Your emotions around them are real and so are the benefits to socialising. Accepting people as the flawed actors they are is a part of becoming a mature adult.
Nathanba
AI is also real to me. My emotions around AI are also real, I deeply appreciate when the AI helps me figure something out or talks to me. I think this type of response will get rarer as AI develops further and people realize that there is now competition and these sentimental reasons will have much less weight. I also have no idea what you mean by "benefits to socializing", I don't see much of any benefit compared to socializing with an AI. Also saying things like "accepting flaws is maturity" is the sort of things that you say when you have no alternative. Once people realize that they can indeed pick an AI friend as their personal best friend suddenly you don't have to put up with all these human flaws anymore.
spencerflem
This comment makes me so sad- I mean this genuinely, looking at your comment history its clear you've fallen into the far right rabbit hole, and this is what "catch you when you say something they don't like" means. No shade to you, there are hundred billion dollar campaigns waged to trap people in ideas like those that are designed to be isolating. But their goal is to push you away from friends and family and towards extremist beliefs.
I emphasize with how it must feel to seem iced out and victimised, it sounds awful! but this is not a normal position to have and most people for not believe the humans around them are fake or gaslighting
phendrenad2
I wouldn't worry about AI solving loneliness any time soon. AI right now feels empty, like a facade with no depth. AI will tell you what it thinks you want to hear, but it can't remember a conversation you had last week (and even if it sticks a summary of your conversations into the pre-prompt, it has no sense of importance and will probably overwrite your darkest secret with your favorite cocktail recipe if it runs out of space).
This "hollowness" is something I intimately understand as someone who used to play hundreds of hours of single-player RPG games. You can make-believe that this world is real, and it works for awhile, but you eventually exhaust this willpower and the lack of real depth eventually crashes into your world. Then I turn off the games and go walk around the mall, just to see humans doing human things again. I feel remarkably better after that.
Maybe we need AI as matchmaker and Master of Ceremonies, introducing people to each other and hyping them up to actually engage with one another.
gonzobonzo
I don't really agree. Correctly prompted, you can get Sesame AI to sound very human like and push back/argue against ideas it "disagrees" with. The memory is also fairly decent.
Other LLM's can also do this pretty well (again, given the right prompts), but you're limited to text or somewhat mediocre speech.
And this is without the big companies putting much effort into companions. Once they do, things can be pushed much further.
foobarbecue
Re: your last point (made in 2019): https://youtu.be/NZ8G3e3Cgl4?si=OsnMXen2-D9jiEai
silvestrov
What you are saying is that AI is like a stuffed toy animal.
Next week it is exactly like it is this week.
bashmelek
I really appreciate your last point. An AI that can improve one’s social skills, má good matches, facilitate human connection and relationships, could be great
alecco
> Maybe we need AI as matchmaker and Master of Ceremonies, introducing people to each other and hyping them up to actually engage with one another.
It wouldn't work without fixing first all the mental health problems caused by phones, social media, porn, and dating apps. Good luck with unplugging those addicts, AI.
ninetyninenine
I don’t understand how you u can’t worry about this.
Like there’s a trend line of progress right? Ok so the thing isn’t effective now. But there’s a decade of upward progress and that projection line point to a future where a better AI exists.
Trend-lines don’t point to an exact future just a most probable future. It is unwise to discount the most probable future.
miraks
If you gave me a model released two years ago and today and let me do some programming with both, I would have no problems telling you which one was released two years ago; progress on this front is very noticeable. But if you let me chat with each one for an hour, I'm honestly not sure I would be able to tell the difference.
kenjackson
You could definitely tell the difference. The persistence and context windows make a world of difference in just casual usage.
ninetyninenine
So 2 years of progress is enough to form a trend-line? Do you remember life during the time when AI at this level didn’t exist?
Follow the 10 year trend-line. That’s the thing that points to the future.
But either way there’s progress on both fronts. Talking to it has improved we just can’t measure it quantitatively imo.
techpineapple
Progress is famously not a straight line.
wizzwizz4
But the current systems are about as good as they'll get: we can make them a bit better in fields where we can cheaply generate synthetic data, but human communication is not one of them. (And even where you can generate synthetic data, your efforts would usually be better spent assembling a purpose-built system.) Sure, I probably could make something more effective, using non-LLM technologies (given a large enough budget), but… why would I, or anyone else, do that when it'd be obviously harmful, with no benefit?
ninetyninenine
The current system we have are as good as they get? You’re just making this statement out of thin air?
Did you not notice a trendline of technological improvement of AI?
> Sure, I probably could make something more effective, using non-LLM technologies (given a large enough budget), but… why would I, or anyone else, do that when it'd be obviously harmful, with no benefit?
Technology will improve. The likelihood of you being part of that progress is nearly zero. So what you say here is categorically wrong. You are not able to make anything better. Humanity collectively will make something better and we don’t know who will be the one to do it.
People are willing to pay for companionship so there’s huge profitability in this area. Profit and self interest often at the expense of everything else is what drives progress.
JKCalhoun
I've been of the opinion that the web itself has already done this to a large degree. Web surfing (when is the last time you heard that phrase?) has never been a group activity.
Retr0id
> Web surfing has never been a group activity.
It often was, in my childhood. There was only one computer.
somenameforme
Mine as well. Trolling pedos on AOL who thought they were meeting up with teen girls was our past time. We got quite good at looking up locations, organizing places to meet, and more. We were Chris Hansen, in bored teen boys form.
Ah the days of A/S/L.
cheschire
For the younger crowd, A/S/L? Was a typical introduction between people who were taking their chat to the next level. Like a handshake introduction in a room of crowded people where up to that point you were just throwing responses into the group discussion. This was in the days of IRC and Yahoo! Chat.
Age/Sex/Location?
0points
I was a teen meeting real girls from IRC.
Guess you missed out on the S part.
bloqs
sadly only a portion of its early existence
cedws
There’s also doomscrolling. I genuinely think a large portion of Gen Z would rather stay in bed watching Instagram reels than go out to a bar or club.
I’ve been wondering recently what impact banning social media would have on birth rates. I’m confident it would be positive but I’m not sure on what magnitude.
anton-c
Not gen z but I just don't drink(i worked in clubs and didnt like that scene either). I think there's a growing portion of gen z that is like that if I recall what I've read correctly. They drink less.
I genuinely don't know what to do in my smaller suburb where the verbs aren't "look" "eat" or "drink". I wanna do. Museums are mostly boring to me, there's little interaction. I don't meet people at the library or gym. The volunteer things ive done had a weird gap where younger people and older people have more free time than middle aged workers and parents so I had few peers at those too.
I'm open to any and all ideas. Feels like things never truly changed back after covid as far as community events and social opportunities.
svachalek
Sports and games. Really depends on what you're into but there's lots of different levels of interaction, physical activity, mental work, competition, etc. Just need to find your people.
redserk
I think it is worth calling out how expensive it can be to go out and do things now though.
$10-12 beers and $15 cocktails gets expensive over a few weekends.
WHA8m
Sure, but kids don't drink as much these days anyways anymore. At least in Germany, and we have drinking at 16 year old. I'm not at the age, but I wouldn't know an alternative to hang out at weekends. I mean, I do, but I can't think of a popular alternative. In my teen years people already haven't had any hobbies. With social media this surely has gotten worse.
AlecSchueler
> I’ve been wondering recently what impact banning social media would have on birth rates. I’m confident it would be positive
The obsession with their birth rates is one of the creepy reasons why young people don't want to go out.
furyofantares
> The obsession with their birth rates is one of the creepy reasons why young people don't want to go out.
I'm a bit confused here, as someone who doesn't go out and never did. Do young people get accosted about generational birth rates if they go out?
cosmic_cheese
It’s my perception that’s there’s been a negative reaction to pressure on younger people to have kids for a while now.
As a mid 30s millennial, it sure did feel weird back in my early 20s when older people from my rural hometown asked why I hadn’t found someone to marry and started a family yet. I had yet to even figure out who I was and how to be responsible, upstanding adult but somehow I’m supposed to take on a partner and N children too?! How does that make any sense? The chances of it ending in disaster of one sort or another are just too high, and that was obvious to me even in the midst of the naivety of a freshly minted adult.
Flash forward to today, and yes I’d like to do those things but I’m now in so much better of a position to do so that it’s difficult to even express. I’m glad I didn’t succumb to the pressure.
dpassens
I assure you, as a young person, nobody has ever commented on my birth rate when I went out.
sureglymop
As someone in their mid 20s, I agree with you. I think we're mostly more worried about our material conditions, having a future and a roof over our heads and surviving in the long term. I'm not even going to think about potentially having kids before I feel that those concerns are somewhat addressed.
api
Doomscrolling is very different from web surfing. The mind is far less engaged. It’s a hypnotic state, deeply addictive and soporific.
Contrarian take (not saying I believe this) but what if AI companions actually engage the mind more? Is there some positive path available here?
rm_-rf_slash
I’m not sure it’s one or the other. Firing off a prompt to Claude Code and letting it rip can be great for productivity but I won’t pretend I’m reading every line it writes unless I have to.
And yet if I’m inquiring into a subject matter I have scant knowledge about, and want to learn more about, I voraciously read the output and plan my next prompt thoughtfully throughout.
The dividing line is intellectual curiosity. AI can stimulate the mind in ways people may not have thought possible, like explaining subjects they never grasped previously, but the user has to want to go down that path to achieve it.
Social media doomscrolling, by contrast, is designed to anesthetize, so the result should not surprise.
lotsofpulp
>I’ve been wondering recently what impact banning social media would have on birth rates. I’m confident it would be positive but I’m not sure on what magnitude.
Sex is decoupled from birth rates, due to access to 100% effective birth control (IUD/morning after pill/abortion). Hence there is no reason to think it would have any positive effect. I would be surprised if even a single person I know had had an unplanned kid.
gitremote
> Sex is decoupled from birth rates, due to access to 100% effective birth control (IUD/morning after pill/abortion).
In 2022, the US overturned the constitutional right to abortion. Abortion is now outlawed in 17 US states, restricted in 8.
Politicians in some of these states are also trying to ban IUDs and the morning after pill.
nathan_compton
> due to access to 100% effective birth control
This doesn't really track. People still get pregnant accidentally all the time. And people also still decide to have babies on purpose if they meet someone they like. Social media may be screwing up the latter process somewhat and getting rid of it could improve birth rates.
Birth Control isn't the whole problem. I would argue its not part of the problem at all - if people are choosing to not have kids, you don't have a birth control problem, you have a society problem. Unless you just think more human agency is bad? Seems like a weird take to me.
watwut
I mean, even in my younger years going to a bar or club was not an everyday activity. People watched TV most of the evenings. Or read junk books, which was popular before TV came along.
> I’ve been wondering recently what impact banning social media would have on birth rates. I’m confident it would be positive but I’m not sure on what magnitude.
People can and do use anticonception. They do not have kids just randomly out of bored stranger encounter anymore.
JKCalhoun
Agree. TV fucked us up. The internet has only piled on.
0points
> Web surfing (when is the last time you heard that phrase?) has never been a group activity.
You must have missed the 90s chat rooms we visited while in school, or even the more recent chat roulette in 2010.
Heck, even geocaching is a web surfing group activity.
JKCalhoun
Ha ha, def. took the kids out geocaching (2000's). In the 90's I was MUD'ing and in USENET forums — but I don't really consider those "group" activities in the same way going out bowling is.
ants_everywhere
We've seen some of this with social media.
Social media rose to prominence with ubiquitous always-on internet. That means that more people were connected than with prior internet technologies (which were always inherently somewhat social).
The biggest negative associated with social media IMO has been organizations using the ease of creating accounts to fake social proof for political and monetary gain. Whether we like it or not, humans like to align with the majority of their social set. So by manufacturing social sets you can push humans toward all sorts of crazy ideas.
The impact of AI on social behavior will be different. Some of it will be bad and some will be good. One that we're already seeing is that AI makes it even easier to spin up fake personas to pretend to be human and advocate for particular opinions.
cornholio
> AI makes it even easier to spin up fake personas to pretend to be human and advocate
It's not only that. AI enables a never-before-seen level of individual targeting for political and commercial actors, campaigns of behavioral modification and radicalization, to the point where the entire intelectual foundations of democracy become questionable.
When power actors addressed the people in traditional media they could send a single message that was tailored to maximize effect, but necessarily needed to be addressed to the common man. The explosion of internet fragmented the media space, but we're still talking about unitary publications, say, an opinion piece presented identically to all online subscribers of a certain publication, with narratives targeting broad swaths of the population: young urban males, conservative retirees and so on. Cambridge Analytica disrupted that model, allowing targeting based on individual profiling, A/B testing to see what kind of content works best on people with certain proclivities etc.; but again, the decisions were relatively low complexity and automatic.
Now imagine each individual has a dedicated GPT-5 level agent following him around across devices and media, that operates 24/7 with the singular task of influencing his opinion, convince him to join a cause, plunge him into depression, buy something, or whatever else the power actor needs from that individual. This agent not only has an excelent profile of his target and can generate videos, fake personas etc. as necessary, but also has a near expert level competence in things like psychology, persuasion and manipulation. It doesn't just push narratives, its tasked with convincing you and isolating you from whatever external influence threatens that goal, and it reasons towards that goal with near expert level accuracy. Would 99% of the population resist such a brainwashing machine? Would you?
This is the type of agent Facebook and Twitter/x are striving towards. It's a world where people no longer have common understanding of a shared social reality, and collaboration towards keeping Power in check becomes fundamentally impossible. It's orwellian to a degree even Orwell didn't imagine.
ants_everywhere
Yeah for sure. But also Orwell was extrapolating from the reality on the ground in communist countries. The scale achieved there was also massive. Your neighbors would turn you in if you criticized the people in power, etc.
This is also the reason the Soviets were ahead of the US in trying to train people like dogs (Pavlov's research) and why the communist forces ran brainwashing experiments on American POWs during the Korean War. If you look at what countries were willing to do back then it should make you concerned about what's coming.
For personalized targeting with psychological warfare, perhaps the closest analog is socialist East Germany's Zersetung https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zersetzung
The main difference you get with LLMs is that it's cheaper to achieve these same goals Orwell was concerned about. You no longer have to make explicit and credible threats of violence. It's also easier to reach people in democracies and convince them that democracy is bad etc.
So for the sorts of concerns Orwell had, I think we're already seeing that. And Deepseek is one weapon in that war, since it has to comply with the Chinese regulations that LLMs must spread socialist core values.
How would you resist? I think a necessary precondition is that people continue to champion the importance of democracy and freedom of thought.
extropic-engine
have you looked at the US lately? if you're concerned for democracy i don't think deepseek is the one you need to be most worried about
johnecheck
Yeah. We need better tools that empower individuals to think independently and we need them now.
Education is part of the answer, but I fear it isn't enough.
netsharc
> Social media rose to prominence with ubiquitous always-on internet.
Hmm.. Wikipedia says: From 2005 to 2009, Myspace was the largest social networking site in the world.
Then again, Myspace (and most social media) isn't an app for synchronous communication, you logged into it and see who's interacted with your content (or comment). OK then someone invented notifications, and the smartphone (which went from bookish BlackBerry to hip and trendy iPhone in 2007-2008) would bother you.
In the old days of AOL, ICQ or MSN and not always-on-internet, you weren't reachable 24/7. I think one of these didn't even have offline messaging, meaning, if the other user is not online, you couldn't send them a message. A friend showed me ICQ and I hated the concept; I thought "but if I go online and I see someone online there, isn't it like walking into a cafe and seeing them, it'd be rude to ignore them and not say hello?". I saw it as a virtual place where people can come and go and you have a chance o catch up.
Nowadays I can make anyone's phone ping and notify them that I want their attention using WhatsApp, etc within seconds of thinking it, and we've lost the concept of "Hey, fancy seeing you here! How have you been?". It seems connecting to anyone is possible 24/7, so it doesn't happen anymore.
handwarmers
Paul Bloom (the author if this article) is pretty legendary in the psychology realm. This is not your average run of the mill writer looking to tap into the doomer vibe.
He makes a pretty detailed argument about why loneliness can be a much bigger and more complex problem than its tame name suggests, and the subtle ways in which AI has the potential to exacerbate it.
ashoeafoot
[Replication crisis citation needed to be taken serious ]
UncleMeat
Psych is one of the few fields that is funding replication studies and throwing out concepts that don't pass muster. But because of this research you see headlines about it for psych and conclude the entire field is crap.
handwarmers
yeah i get the if monkeySee(psychology) then monkeyDo(replicationCrisis); monkeyFeelSmart() algo. it's still a good article :)
sdsd
git diff your_argument my_response - monkeyFeelSmart(); + monkeyFeelSafe();
People feel hurt and lied to after decades of diligently studying a curriculum who's foundations turned out to be completely fake. Our mental garden must be protected from pests. Some pests even imitate benign bugs like ladybugs, in order to get in.
Imagine if tomorrow, it was announced that atoms and gravity don't exist, the motion of heavenly bodies don't even come close to Newton's laws, and physicists have just been lying so they can live off our tax dollars (but hey, we have a plan to one day start doing real physics experiments! Any day now, you'll see!).
I hope I'm not too dramatic, just felt defensive for some reason. If only there were a real science that could help me understand those feelings. Oh well, gotta keep the aphids out somehow.
kristofferR
I don't think I've ever heard of the guy, but I came here to comment that I really loved his style of writing in this article - it seemed really empathetic to all viewpoints of the issue of using AI to cure/prevent loneliness, instead of trying to argue for his viewpoint.
Gonna read his book Psych for sure.
siva7
If you have to pay someone (like an a.i.) to not be lonely, that won't solve your loneliness. This is a business transaction meant to illicit emotions (yours) by faking emotions (over a.i.: a computer machine can't have emotions but can only pretend to have), nothing else. Some people will fall for it. The opportunities to abuse millions of these people emotionally and financially are endless. And they will be abused on industrial scale.
mattlutze
Web 2.0/the Social Web vacuumed the novelty and Unique Selling Proposition out of our physical 3rd spaces, leading to their decline, and to the decline of related activities like the serendipitous chance of running into friends and meeting someone new.
The social web in a lot of ways led to our isolation and the amplification of the loneliness epidemic.
Now, these Web 2.0 / Social Web companies are the leaders in building the AI that may artificially treat the epidemic they created.
There's something quite cynically sad about that, and I would love it if we'd move away from these services and back into the "real world."
glimshe
I believe that AI can't ever replace direct human contact. But I'm not so sure if a good AI can't replace superficial online-only friendships. Looking at the bulk of my online interactions (outside forums like this one), they largely end in trivia (did you know...) or low effort agreement. An AI could play that role admirably.
raincole
I think the most beneficial thing AI did so far was exposing how worthless the 'marketing copywriting' is.
Then it will expose how worthless 'opinions from random people on the internet' are. Then how worthless 'parasocial relationships with streamers/influencers' are.
I-M-S
One should be careful not to conflate "worthless" with "things that hold no value to me personally".
AIPedant
This seems like solipsism at its absolute worst. Do you care at all about the actual human being on the other end of that superficial online friendship? Or are they simply a source of content for you to ingest?
johnecheck
"Outside of forums like this one"
The real culprits are revealed. Despite its flaws, Hacker News does foster real discussion that sometimes leads to real connection. Big online social spaces tend to do the opposite.
1718627440
It's because text seams to be a useful medium for deep arguments. Also the small text size increases discussion length. I recently pasted some comments in an office document and was surprised that it's a wall of text 3 pages long.
jatins
It won't be a replacement for humans but will it be as good as, say, pets in terms of providing companionship?
Keyframe
Sure it can, look at what now few decades of online chats, porn and porn addictions have done to people. 10-100x that with rest of the advancements in technologies like VR and let's observe the psychological effects.
notarobot123
Isn't that more of a comment about the quality of weak-tie networks that exist on internet scale web platforms?
The rise of private group chats as the new lifeblood of social networking gives me hope that the state of the Web today isn't the end of the story. Authentic human connection across digital networks is still possible even if it isn't particularly common right now.
We need new protocols.
FreeTrade
Private group chats do not tend to be encrypted. If my theory on what governments are most concerned about (disrupting alternative political organizing) holds true - they never will be allowed to be fully private.
darepublic
But having actual people react is a barometer for how much your thoughts align with others, or not. Or you may know you emotionally benefited someone, showed support etc. I take satisfaction from that but would absolutely not take satisfaction from some automated system replying +1 or what have you
stavros
My best (and longest) friends are online-only. I wouldn't generalize so easily.
add-sub-mul-div
Then you'd lose the potential for any of those relationships to grow into something more meaningful, which can/does happen.
https://archive.is/wCM2x