Tracking types of non-parents in the United States
78 comments
·April 18, 2025TrackerFF
lordnacho
I've made similar observations.
One of my classmates didn't go the academic route. She has a 25 year old kid now.
The others, one had a kid late 20s. Most of the class was mid to late 30s. Several had their first kid past 40.
Only two had more than two kids, but they were a couple who met in school.
Nobody has four kids.
There's still only one person who has an adult (18+) kid.
Cyphase
For anyone who doesn't want to enable cookies to view the page, here's the PDF: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jomf.1...
j_bum
The redistribution of “child free” & “not yet parent” from 2017-2023 is massive… a shift of over 10%.
I see this anecdotally in my Gen Z/Millenial friend groups, but the numbers backing the observation up is wild.
But frankly, I understand it. One of our main pain points for not having kids yet is the cost of childcare (US). That’s not getting better anytime soon, either, from what I can tell.
bananalychee
Is the cost of child care a cause, or is it a symptom of a deeper problem? The decline in the fertility rate is not an isolated phenomenon, and it spans many disparate cultures. I know this opens a can of worms, but perhaps we should be more open to the idea that maximizing the labor force participation of both sexes by outsourcing child-rearing is a suicidal model. It manifests as a gradual change in behaviors that we, in our hyper-individualistic society, tend to attribute to personal choice, but I don't think so many people would go "child-free" if we didn't frame child-rearing as a low-value trap that isn't worth sacrificing a professional career over. The supply constraint is a consequence of that value shift.
conception
I think your presumption that parents rather work than be a stay at home parent seems flawed compared to a reality that having a dual income household is a requirement to a middle class lifestyle. I know very few parents that would rather work than hang out with their kids.
bananalychee
I think people fixate on the directionality too much, at this point it is a self-reinforcing cycle. I don't know how to break it, but I'm not optimistic about the half-hearted attempts of some countries to address it via subsidies and tax breaks.
> I know very few parents that would rather work than hang out with their kids.
Work being a proxy for resources, most people want both. The value shift I mentioned earlier affects the extent to which we prioritize one or the other. Given the same economic environment, a society where family is viewed as more important than material comfort would have more families sacrificing income rather than just talking about it.
lotsofpulp
>know very few parents that would rather work than hang out with their kids.
But they would work to increase the odds of securing a house in a more expensive neighborhood to increase the odds their kid is surrounded by more well heeled children for myriad reasons which then results in higher chances of getting into the best schools to increase the odds they are able to earn a high income due to possessing the right signals and knowledge.
And they would reduce the number of children they have to maximize the odds for the one or two they do have.
croemer
As your comment is a bit ambiguous, the figure shows around 10% more people not wanting kids now than 6y earlier.
api
Economically housing costs are huge, because as soon as you have kids you really start to want more stability and space. Small apartment hopping is easy and even kind of fun when you have no kids but things change dramatically when kids arrive.
PaulKeeble
Interesting data showing a trend of less people wanting children at all. What I want is the reasoning for not wanting children broken down, that is the crux of the issue and while its good to see a breakdown to the barriers for those wanting children I feel like the not wanting isn't as simple as just no.
dijksterhuis
UK survey five years ago - https://yougov.co.uk/society/articles/25364-why-are-britons-...
top 5 ranked
> too old
> don’t want lifestyle changes
> too expensive
> overpopulation
> don’t like children
more recently, but free text answers classified by ML model (which seems to removes some nuance in the categories) - https://yougov.co.uk/society/articles/51749-why-do-some-brit...
like_any_other
Overpopulation concern is the funniest one of all for the UK:
Why Britain needs more migrants - It cannot fix its population-growth slowdown without them - https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/01/14/why-brit...
Britain ‘must rely on immigration’ to compensate for falling birth rate - https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2025/03/26/rise-in-olde...
UK will be reliant on immigration for nearly 80 years due to falling birth rates - https://www.independent.co.uk/world/population-fertility-imm...
Birth rates in the UK are now, according to the ONS, at their lowest levels since records began in 1938, at a rate of 1.44 children per woman. With a rapidly ageing population, migrants will be essential to replace UK-born workers - https://www.tradeandbusiness.uk/news/six-reasons-why-the-uk-...
It's like an iterated prisoner's dilemma, but one prisoner refuses to defect or learn anything, despite the other constantly defecting.
dijksterhuis
as someone who squarely falls into the “probably don’t want kids because of overpopulation” category —
i get the irony you’re trying to point out. but global overpopulation is not the same as national overpopulation.
at some point we’re gonna run out of fucking food as a species. *
the sooner we can get our heads out of our arses and past the primitive tribalism of “we need to have more than the other lot” as a species, the better.
i squarely fall into the “migration is the solution, not the problem” camp too [0]. exactly because of that global perspective.
plenty of people in the world. maybe it’s time we learned to share as a species? although fuck all chance of that happening any time soon in the current political climate.
* someone usually attempts a retort about “technology will magically save all of us” to this point. which is just kicking the can down the road.
[0]: edit to note that the problem i’m referring to here is national underpopulation specifically
api
The Population Bomb by Paul Ehrlich has turned out to be almost exactly wrong.
Here's a good pod on the subject:
https://open.spotify.com/episode/7Lk2wsYafTyoPA2hrNVN8e?si=L...
For some strange reason this line of thinking had tremendous influence on the left, at least in the West, despite the fact that there has always been a huge undercurrent of racism in overpopulation discourse. This pod does a decent job calling that out. I remember watching an overpopulation alarmist documentary as a teenager and thinking -- without any prompting -- that the whole thing came off as super racist. Any time they wanted to show the looming population catastrophe they always showed hordes of people with dark skin.
Ehrlich continues to be treated like an economist -- meaning, given intellectual credibility despite a track record of having been consistently wrong.
This doesn't mean I buy into underpopulation hysteria either. I see them making the same mistake: assuming that current trends will continue indefinitely.
It's entirely possible that things like the childfree movement will cause a population rebound. How? By selecting out of the gene pool whatever traits make people more reluctant to reproduce. Until recently reproduction was pretty automatic, allowing those traits to persist, but after a few more generations of reproduction being solidly optional we could end up with a population composed of almost 100% people with intense "biological clocks" and a strong urge to have babies. The present decline in fertility could be like a "bear trap" on a bull market stock graph.
lupusreal
I don't see the humor you're seeing, there's no hypocrisy because the two messages are coming from two very different groups with very different values and motivations.
The "we need more people" stuff is coming from the capital class and their sycophants. They want more people so they can have more laborers to drive down the cost of labor, and more consumers to buy more product, and more renters to drive up the price of rent. They want population number to go up because they are invested and committed to the numbers go up game. As long as more people means more numbers go up, that's what they'll keep demanding. The UK has more people than ever before, it's steadily climbing but they always want even more. Unbounded growth.
The "I don't want kids because this place is crowded" and "kids are too expensive" messages are coming from members of the general public who are dealing with the ramifications of the policies of the first group. Their rent is high, their towns and cities growing, traffic is getting worse, city buses are packed, there's lots of things they want to buy but the value of their labor isn't keeping pace. Birth rate falls in response to these pressures, so the capital class tries to import new labor from poor parts of the world, knowing those new laborers will feel relatively happy to live 10 people to an apartment working for piss poor pay, because those conditions are still an improvement over where they are coming from.
apwell23
not sure how thats relevant. planet is still overpopulated. Its not like someone polluting the planet in uk will only pollute uk. we all share the same global atmosphere.
gaiagraphia
Left high school in the UK thinking that anything connected with family and having children was some type of carnal sin. Seemed the idea of anything traditional was an aboslute taboo to most of the staff. When I compare schooling experiences to people from other countries, it seemed everything was so negative and guilt-ridden in comparison.
trollbridge
This is definitely a belief system isolated to certain social classes. Lots of other classes of people thinking having children is great, love going to children's birthday parties, get excited when a relative is expecting a baby, and so forth.
PaulHoule
By the way people respond you'd think that the mainstream thinks natalism is the ultimate squick.
msteffen
I think it’s self-sustaining, in that the needs of people without kids and the needs of people with kids are super duper different. If all your friends don’t have kids and you do, you feel ostracized because they’re not going to rearrange their life over your kids, and you’re constrained by your kids’ schedules (particularly sleep), so you just don’t see them that much anymore. Conversely, if all your friends have kids and you don’t, most of their socializing will probably feel really alien to you (unless you’re a teacher or something and work with kids), so you’ll feel disconnected from them.
Anecdotally, in my friend group, once the first two people had kids and started hanging out with each other, it was like the flood gates opened.
apwell23
you are assuming that people who have them are making conscious choice to have them. I live in india and everyone here has them by default, there is no flowchart with a diamond. its just something ppl do, like going to the bathroom.
in the west answer is that there are more forms of entertainment and fulfillment available now and there is actually a flowchart with diamond in it.
trollbridge
In China, having large families in the 1950s/1960s was a deliberate policy decision, which is how they ended up being a billion-plus today. (Which was then followed by a one-child policy to try to correct that, since the number of people in China exceeded the amount of arable land to support such people, and once Mao Zedong was out of power, smarter people decided "hmm, it's going to be a big problem if we get to 3 billion people".)
themacguffinman
What was the large family policy? I know about the one-child policy, but I don't think people needed a policy to have large families, it used to be the norm back then even outside of China.
jtbayly
And now smarter smarter people realize they are facing a major problem from the one child policy.
lotsofpulp
Even in India, there increasing proportions of adults with no children. It happens everywhere where women gain economic and social freedom.
https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/countries/ind/ind...
https://www.niussp.org/fertility-and-reproduction/increasing...
apwell23
> Even in India, there are more and more who choose to have fewer, and sometimes no children.
thank god!! its suffocating over here.
curious why do you think women have gained economic and social freedom in india?
seydor
The rest of the developed world is far more advanced in demographic decline, but it surprises me that we don't see this kind of statistics from other countries. In southern europe, i have not seen diligent and in-depth surveys about demographic trends. The public policy measures taken are crude, handwavy and populist measures which mostly fail
wonderwonder
Different but related topic, Hungary has recently moved forward with a program reducing the tax burden of mothers up to I believe exemption from income taxes for life for those that have 3 or more kids. This seems to be a pretty solid idea with so many people putting off having children due to the associated costs.
npc_anon
That's performative policy. Hungarian mothers of 3 weren't paying much or any taxes at all in the first place. Because on average they have a small or no income.
I think a better policy would be to reduce the tax burden of a couple with 3 children. This makes working quite lucrative whilst at the same time it creates the flexibility for the couple to distribute work how they see fit, whether this is a breadwinner model or more hybrid.
Pinning this to the mother doesn't work. The policy incentive is to work as much as possible whilst at the same time carrying the burden of 3 children. Not an attractive combination.
mtndew4brkfst
On the face of it that sounds like childless taxpayers of all varieties subsidizing people who have many children. That's a "solid idea"?
svnt
If you want a country in the future, yes.
mtndew4brkfst
The actual existential threat to my own country has little to do with how many children people have or what their personal tax burden is.
BobaFloutist
God forbid we relax immigration laws
null
lotsofpulp
In the US, the majority of federal government spend is on old people (between social security, Medicare, health services, and VA benefits).
https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/americas-finance-guide/feder...
It’s always been interesting to me that healthcare for kids is not as popular as healthcare for old people, such that there is no Medicare for kids. There is Medicaid, but it pays healthcare providers less…why?
wonderwonder
I would prefer this than having my country die or resorting to importing millions of people with completely different cultures. Those same 3 kids then go on to become tax payers, ensuring that there is a tax base in the future. So its a long term investment if you actually still want a country.
Your view is going to change depending if you look at the short or long term.
lotsofpulp
You might not like the culture of the kids raised by moms specifically incentivized by money to have kids, who may or may not be interested or able to raise the kids well.
It has always been trivial to pay a woman to give birth. Incentivizing the creation of productive families with well raised children is the difficult part.
npc_anon
There was an interesting study earlier this week that is essential to this discussion.
I'm afraid I don't have the link but the gist was that most couples do ultimately want and have children. Slightly too less for population replacement but still. However, the far more alarming issue is the lack of couples. Couple forming is falling off a cliff.
I've noticed that for my class (I'm pushing 40), people either got kids when they were 16-20, or well after 30. Something like one third of our class had their first child around age 32-35...lots of COVID children!
In our case, there's a pretty clear divide between those that went straight to the workforce after HS, and those that pursued college/university, and typical professional jobs. With the latter being those that become parents late.
Those that I still know very close, and have been in the same situation, have all told the same story:
- Studied for 5 years to get a masters degree
- Worked for some years, until they found their career job
- Wanted to travel and focus on themselves, now being more financially secure and having more spare time to do so.
And suddenly they were 30.
- Spent some time finding a partner they wanted children with. Spent a year or two doing couples stuff, before a kid would take up all their time.
And that's pretty much how you end up as a first-time parent almost in your mid 30s.
Another observation is that around half of the guys have still not had any children, while around 75% of the women have become parents.