Skip to content(if available)orjump to list(if available)

Gene drive modified mosquitoes offer new tool for malaria elimination efforts

jacksnipe

Gene drives scare me. Being able to forcibly propagate a gene through a population seems like a strong candidate for causing an ecological disaster.

baxtr

Slightly off-topic: Has anyone good recommendations against mosquitos? I hear UV traps are ok, but not perfect. And of course I have used the anti mosquito sprays. They don't last long though and I don't like the smell.

jwally

Not the prettiest thing in the world, but:

Get a cheap box fan, cheap mosquito netting type material, and duct-tape.

Cut the netting to size and tape it to the fan so that anything that goes through the fan gets caught in the net.

Put it in shaded places - bonus if its around doors.

Mosquitoes are not strong flyers, and when hunting or looking for a place to rest will get sucked in and can't get out.

I've killed - without exaggeration - thousands doing this.

Not a silver bullet (what is?) but as part of a defense-in-depth strategy this is insanely easy - and kind of fun.

n.b. I've been hospitalized with west nile - this is fun :-)

alwa

This is absolutely the way. And mosquito weather tends to be fan weather anyway!

Works pretty well for ventilating enclosed spaces, too—just make sure the fan points inward, pumping positive pressure into the space, so there’s a steady outward flow from the rest of the door/window/whatever.

criddell

There are pest control companies that will fog your property which supposedly reduces the mosquito population. I'm skeptical though that me paying for the service will make a difference unless all of my neighbors do as well.

I can't find it now, but I remember reading about a person that used a box fan, some type of mesh fabric, and dry ice to create an insect trap that was apparently catching pounds of bugs every week.

hangonhn

Yeah growing up in the Florida Keys, our county did this on a county level. They used to use DC-3s to fly super low and fog the entire island but it was found that the pesticide was bad for fishes so they switched to truck based fogging. As as a kid I loved seeing the DC-3s because it would mean relief from mosquitos for a long time.

Picture of DC3 flying basically at roof top height: https://keysweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FKMCD-2.jp...

[Edited to include picture.]

criddell

It's hard to imagine people being okay with actual chem trails...

devilbunny

I have some friends who live in the Houston suburbs. They bought one of the CO2-based mosquito traps. Seemed to work.

Although it's absolute hell on plastics, DEET is incredibly effective as a mosquito repellent. At least in the US, you can buy 99%+ pure DEET at Home Depot.

skinner927

It goes great on salads

hangonhn

This is one topic that Florida man knows better than most: a propane powered fogger was super effective when I was growing up in Florida. They would also do this as a public service where trucks operated by the county would drive by and fog entire neighborhoods. I don't know how ecologically sound this is but it is effective.

willidiots

We've had good luck with Mosquito Dunks, both in natural standing water sources and in dedicated "trap buckets" filled with water and vegetation, but you have to do it early in the season as the dunks only affect the larvae.

Last year I came across a water-filled stump that was teeming with larvae swimming around in it. Dropped a piece of a dunk in, came back 24 hours later and the water was clear.

shoubidouwah

Mosquito nets are best: put some as canopies above beds and enjoy sleeping without the dreaded ear buzz. If you live in a badly infested area, put them around doors / windows (there's retractable ones, you can fit them yourself). And finally, the superpower of just doing things: do some door to door / enlist your neighbors and hunt down the neighborhood stagnant waters.

jajko

> do some door to door / enlist your neighbors and hunt down the neighborhood stagnant waters.

Thats a good idea but don't think that by covering few neighbors you are covered - they can easily fly 5km depending on species if they have reason or get carried by wind. And all you need is ie one old tire laying around on the ground.

jakedata

I have had better results with Picaridin based repellents than with DEET. Picaridin does not have the same oily feel that leaves my skin crawling after repeated applications. It also seems to do a better job dissuading our local variety of horse flies which will bite you right through clothing.

Iolaum

I find that having a fan working in the room helps a lot. It's not foolproof, but it helps in certain situations.

gcanyon

The idea of using gene drive on mosquitoes has been circulating for at least 8 years. [1] In that time, something like 4 million people have died of malaria, many millions more have been infected, and it is significantly impacting the economic growth of Africa. What will it take for us to pull the trigger on this?

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TnzcwTyr6cE

stateofinquiry

This idea is much more than 8 years old. If my memory serves, achieving this via gene drive was first proposed in the 1980s, by using "transposable elements". If you'd like to learn more check out the following, only 25 years old (I think it cites the earlier work):

James, A. and Handler, A., editors (2000). Insect Transgenesis: Methods and Applications. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. ISBN: 0849320283

Creating the right effector gene, and attaching it to a transposable element (or some other gene drive system) as the Imperial researchers and colleagues have apparently done is only one part of the battle. Getting this to spread in nature from introductions of mass-reared mosquitoes.. well that will be a big challenge also. To say nothing of the permitting as you mention.

The press release is remarkably devoid of any technical information on what they have accomplished.

keepamovin

That is a cool idea. Like the mouse that takes the thorn out of the lion's foot: we could cure mosquitos of what ails them (even if they don't know it ails them, as they are carriers - but they die more so for being that), and the mosquito could become the friend of humanity.

dinkblam

> and the mosquito could become the friend of humanity

i'd rather not have them suck my blood even if there is no disease risk

recursive

> and the mosquito could become the friend of humanity.

This is impossible.

One night in the northwoods of Minnesota will quickly and completely disabuse you of this fantastical notion. I would make all mosquitoes extinct at great personal cost, if there was a way to do it. Being disease vectors doesn't even have much to do with it. They are the most profoundly irritating bug, with zero redeeming qualities. They make large swathes of country difficult to exist in during dawn and dusk. I cannot express in words the depths of my hate for mosquitoes.

thworp

I take it you have never spent any time outside where there's lots of them. If you go out without protection, they'll mercilessly sting every bit of exposed skin. Depending on your genes and the mosquitoes', the stings can swell heavily. Some of them sting so deep that you cannot get rid of the itching and inflammation with a heat pen.

As soon as you stand still, you'll find yourself in thick cloud of the bastards within 20 seconds. If you use repellent (picaridine does work to keep them from stining but isn't exactly healthy), they will still buzz around you and slowly drive you mad. If you use netting, some get through the inevitable gaps and some will obviously get inside your tent/car/house when you open them.

The sound of thousands of them flying around you just triggers some primal revulsion. Around sundown, their activity gets so intense that it literally sounds like a drone, if they're a large variety it even sounds a bit like a distant hornet swarm.

All in all, I don't think we can become friends. But at least they're more pleasant than black flies and deer flies.

cosmic_cheese

There are few things that set me off like hearing that telltale Doppler effect buzz whizz by my ear. Not as bad as those flies you mention for sure but still awful.

I wonder if the unintended consequences would be tame enough to justify using a gene drive to breed human predation out of mosquitos.

alwa

Have you ever considered an electrified paddle? I’d recommend the kind without a guard, just bare wires… the SNAP! when you contact a mosquito is both humane (instantaneous explosion!) and extremely satisfying, as these things go…

Not useful for meaningful control in the kind of swarm situation you describe, but cathartic! And useful for the stragglers who sneak into your shelter behind you…

BobaFloutist

If I could get a vaccine or some other treatment that got my body to not itch from their saliva, or even to just itch for a more limited amount of time, I could handle the rest (deadly disease excepted).

Sure, they're annoying, but I don't actually care about them sucking my blood that much. I have plenty of the stuff, they only take a tiny amount, and they feed birds and bats with it.

Having to spend hours afterward physically uncomfortable certainly tempers my magnanimity.

cpfohl

This is great. Mosquitoes are ecologically important pollinators. They’re also the worst human disease vectors.

I do wish, though, that they would consider modifying whatever protein mosquitoes inject to make me itch so bad… Looking forward to seeing this play out.

BobaFloutist

I think the problem is that the protein is an anti-coagulant, which is necessary for mosquito's feeding strategy but is also something you probably want your body to have a pretty robust reaction to and break down/expel pretty aggressively, lest each bite just keep bleeding well after the mosquito finishes feeding.

Would for sure be nice if the immune response could skip the itching part though.

JumpCrisscross

> Mosquitoes are ecologically important pollinators

Source? Because the research I’ve seen for disease-causing mosquitoes says nope [1].

[1] https://www.nature.com/articles/466432a

objektif

This is nonsense perpetuated by wanna be naturalists. Disease carrying mosquitos could just cease to exist and we will be fine. This topic has been discussed countlessly even here.

bilbo0s

Hmm.

Why is anyone talking about gene modification then?

Serious question.

Why not just get rid of mosquitos?

If you can't just get rid of them, it's unlikely that you can modify the genes of all of them.

If you can introduce something to modify the genes of all of them, then you can introduce something to eliminate them all as well.

It seems that elimination is actually easier. Or at worst just as easy. What is it we gain from gene modification?

dragonwriter

> Why not just get rid of mosquitos?

Because its harder than it sounds: LOTS of effort goes into eradication, whether by large-scale environmentally destructive methods (literally draining the wetlands where they reproduce), toxic methods (spraying poison over areas they reproduce near human populations, which also means over humans and water used by humans), or trickier methods lkke releasing masses of sterile male mosquitos to mate unproductively with females to reduce the number of productive matings.

But these efforts are usually less than complete successes at the best of times, and have gotten worse over time as—as the article here notes!—“Efforts to prevent the spread of the disease have been complicated by existing malaria interventions becoming less effective due to mosquitoes developing biological and behavioural resistance to insecticides and barrier-based controls.”

> It seems that elimination is actually easier.

It sounds like someone has never tried elimination.

kelseyfrog

Because historically genociding a species carries a lot of baggage. It's not something you can intellectually reason someone into believing.

reedf1

I encourage all to look up what a gene drive is - find replace all mentions of 'mosquito' with 'human'. This makes a nuclear bomb look positively provincial - all it would take is one disgruntled post-doc. Only by the grace of god...

jetrink

I just looked it up. The process involves modifying a fertilized egg or embryo to create a founder organism. The gene drive is designed to be inherited by more than 50% of the organism’s offspring and propagate through the population over successive generations. Because humans have fewer offspring and longer generation times compared to insects, it would take many generations and potentially hundreds of years for a gene drive introduced in a single human to spread widely through the population.

reedf1

I apologies for my other reply - which was flagged - perhaps I was rude. You are wrong because there are ways to introduce a gene drive through pathogens - e.g. you introduce a self-generating CRISPR payload through a pathogen vector for which it is possible to completely saturate gen 0. Source: I worked in a leading biology lab, with biologists actually performing this research.

jefftk

If you can get a pathogen vector to infect all of humanity you already have just about everything you need to cause massive damage; the gene drive doesn't make this situation appreciably worse.

(Speaking for myself, not SecureBio)

thworp

How could they make sure that the CRISPR payload survives replication?

reedf1

[flagged]

recursive

But mosquitoes are super annoying, and the probably don't even know how to make nuclear bombs. I mean, lots of humans are annoying too, but not all of them. Every single mosquito is annoying, and they can't stop us, so, uhh.. let's do it.