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For Delivery Workers in Latin America, Affordable E-Bikes Are a Superpower

rob74

So, a 50 year old former "business manager in a government role" is now working as a delivery worker in Colombia, and the fact that the company gave him a loan for an e-bike (they didn't even provide it to him!) is listed as a "reason to be cheerful"?! I swear this is the most depressing thing I read this week so far, and that's something if you consider how depressing the news has been recently...

dfxm12

This sounds like one of those stories in the US about a community crowdsourcing a ton of money for a little girl to get some life saving surgery that would be covered by socialized health care in almost any other country in the planet.

These stories are cheerful for capital.

1-more

thfuran

Hah, as if a mere $20,000 would be enough to pause the machine for long enough to pull out 200 orphans.

avgDev

To be fair, stories like this occur in countries with socialized healthcare. People often do come to the US for niche specialized healthcare that is cutting edge.

US healthcare is great for the wealthy and those who can afford it. It isn't great for everyone and in general ranks average or poor in some cases.

DanielHB

I have been through the healthcare systems of Brazil (private) and Sweden (public). I can say that private healthcare is only strictly better if you pay out of pocket, not through insurance.

Public healthcare is FAR more efficient though, I am always amazed how _fast_ doing exams in Sweden are. Like my doctor asked me to take an MRI, put it in the system, scheduled an appointment within a week for me automatically and I was in and out of an MRI clinic in 20 minutes (and I was attended to exactly on time of my appointment) all of that just using my ID card. Bloodwork is usually drop-in so I can just go directly from the doctor without an appointment.

In Brazil with private healthcare I would have to find the MRI clinic myself and see which one was covered by my insurance and try to get an appointment within a reasonable time (by calling multiple clinics). And when getting there I would probably have to wait at least an hour to actually get the MRI done. That is if insurance didn't contest the need for it in the first place. And god forbid I forget to bring the insurance paperwork with me.

Oh yeah, in Brazil I also need to personally go pickup the MRI and personally bring it to the doctor and do another visitation, while in Sweden it is all digital and the doctor just called me on the phone to tell me the results.

My father took ~4 months to schedule a life-saving cancer surgery, insurance kept contesting the surgery. My partners mother in Sweden had cancer surgery approved and done in less than 10 days.

Yes the care in Sweden is usually worse than in Brazil private. I wouldn't say it is so much about doctor quality, more about doctors feeling a bit rushed to see patients. But it is so much faster and easier. Usually you need fast care, not personalized care. And of course a lot of things are just not covered in the Swedish public system (for example some skincare problems) that could be covered in some private in Brazil.

The only thing better about the Brazilian clinics was that some of them had marble floor on the lobby while the Sweden ones usually had concrete floors or tiles.

Overall I prefer the Swedish system much better than the private Brazilian system.

1-more

When someone criticizes US healthcare, they are almost always using "healthcare" to mean "the care that everyone receives on average" and not "the healthcare received by those with good insurance." Private jets fly from around the world to The Cleveland Clinic and The Mayo Clinic every day, but that's not what's at issue for most people.

pyuser583

I've known Canadians facing severe health issues who stay in the US because it's more affordable when you consider the higher wages.

That's not true for everyone, but I'm not talking about the super-rich either. Just plain middle class.

hiddencost

[flagged]

mateus1

This is PR slop for a startup. Their workers have no benefits or stability.

thrownaway2323

>So, a 50 year old former "business manager in a government role" is now working as a delivery worker in Colombia, and the fact that the company gave him a loan for an e-bike

Millions of venezuelan migrants are in a similar situation. It is not uncommon to see former university professors with PHDs, lawyers, engineers with decades of experience, etc. to find themselves in another country working as Uber drivers and other types of jobs. Having to migrate really fucking sucks especially if you are old. Consider yourself lucky if you live in a country that is politically and economically stable and you have some sort of net to support you when things don't work out for you.

miunau

This goes for European countries as well. Even well-educated people, from whatever country locals deem undesirable at that moment, in general do not get the chance to work in jobs that suit their education. Sometimes these people have benefited from taxpayer funded education in that host country, but the prevalent racist attitudes exclude them from even getting job interviews. E.g. Finland is losing lots of immigrants they have spent lots of money educating to this- not helped by the policies of the current government- people they need to stay in order to plug the plummeting birth rate are forced to leave the country because there is nothing there for them besides rejection after rejection, or jobs that do not match their education.

DanielHB

This tends to be a much lesser problem once the person's original country is in the EU, but yeah if you are coming from outside the EU it can be super tricky. Even professions that is desperate need like nursing and doctors can be hard because of the recertifications required.

sebastiansm

It would be interesting to know how many of those old professors with PHDs, lawyers, engineers supported Hugo Chavez at the beginning.

onlyrealcuzzo

Your glass is half empty.

Whatever it is is better than the same thing with loud gas motorbikes being everywhere.

rob74

Ok, fair enough, then maybe they shouldn't have picked this 50 year old guy who used to have a management job but was then forced to flee his country and work as a delivery worker, but a 22 year old who used to sell drugs but now makes an honest living (maybe they couldn't find one?).

But yeah, that aside, I can definitely sympathize with reducing the number of loud stinking gas motorbikes and scooters. Maybe also give loans to users of gas chainsaws, leaf blowers etc. etc. to replace those too...

sepositus

From my reading, the article is about how e-bikes are proving to be economically viable and how that benefits the environment. Even more positive is that they are becoming available locally in a way that is accessible to a delivery driver on a fixed low income. Those things seem like something to be pretty optimistic about.

DanielHB

I never owned a car, I commute to work in an e-bike and most other places I go to. It is usually faster than car (if you account parking) or public transport.

Since I got an e-bike I haven't bought a single month public-transport cards, I maybe take the metro/bus 4-10 times per month (depends a lot on the weather). The bike paid itself several times over since I got it around 2019.

Me and my partner manage to save a lot of money per month, even though we just bought a new, very expensive (because it is close to downtown) apartment with a huge mortgage by just living close to place we go to, not having a car and using the e-bike.

alienthrowaway

"There comes a point where we need to stop just pulling people out of the river. We need to go upstream and find out why they’re falling in." - Desmond Tutu

Society is not ready for the conversation because more often that not, inquisitive people who dare go upstream find out that capitalism - directly or indirectly - is pushing into the river, and have to walk back down to while hanging their head, and continue pulling those they can out of the river.

umeshunni

Yes I'm sure it's the capitalism in Venezuela that pushed these people into taking these jobs in Columbia.

alienthrowaway

I think you can do better than that in charitably reading what I said in the context of a hagiography whose centerpiece is a loan to a 50 year-old immigrant for an e-bike.

rererereferred

Small off-topic, I see those boxed backpacks and think of their shoulders. On motorbike the box rests in the back of the seat but here all the weight is in the shoulders.

People who have done some mountain hiking knows that the weight of the backpack should be mostly in the waist, thanks to the waist belt (sorry if I don't use the right term, I've done most my hiking in Spanish ;) ).

I don't know how weight distribution would differ from walking but with some research perhaps they could carry more while staying more comfortable.

Fradow

I can see numerous reasons why you'd want the backpack rather than a box on the bike for food delivery (may not apply for other deliveries):

- no need to fuss when you mount/dismount your bike, your backpack is already on your shoulders. Speed is key.

- the focus is not on carrying capacity, it's on speedy delivery. There's only so much food in their backpack.

- because of the time waiting for orders / going to the restaurant / going back to a hotspot, most of the time the backpack is actually empty.

- a box on the back of a bike costs money.

kibwen

Counterpoint: when biking, you generally desire to have your center of mass be lower rather than higher, for better stability and handling.

teachrdan

The tradeoff is that the higher you carry the bag (i.e. on your shoulders), the more space you have when maneuvering between cars. You can imagine how, if your bag was at the same level as the bike saddle, it would be more likely to get pinched when cycling through traffic. A clever cyclist could even stand upright with the bag on their back to get a few more inches of clearance when need be!

Lanolderen

Uno reverse/Yu-Gi-Oh trap card: They're not pushing the handling limits.

asl2D

Capacity is still needed, or you will miss out on a lot of deliveries in peak hours, where you load up several orders and then deliver them all in one route and you dont really need to carry whole bag to client/restaurant, just fish up the package. Also boxy bags allow for bigger packages(pizza, water bottles) and usually help to pack orders in a way that damages them less.

aitchnyu

Which companies batch food orders now? It was a short lived and unpopular experiment in India years back.

analog31

Maybe there's an issue with the box getting stolen.

andrepd

Delivery workers should fuck up their backs because otherwise (1) customers would get their shitty fast food and soggy fries 15s or 20s later, and (2) boxes would eat into the profit of the shareholders.

kjkjadksj

Reminds me of seeing amazon workers struggle to drag those plastic boxes full of deliveries around the sidewalks of the neighborhood while UPS provides a hand truck. I get it, a hand truck cost more than that 10 cent box they abandon all over town.

floatrock

right? This is the orphan-crushing-machine meme (referenced elsewhere here) playing out live.

Top comment: "This is bad ergonomics for the humans doing delivery"

Reply: "But here's all the reasons why good ergonomics lose money for The Platform"

Scoundreller

But now you’re cutting out all that biological shock absorption.

(Aka: why helmet cams are much smoother than any other bike mount)

JKCalhoun

Anyone seen the wild carriers on the back of scooters in Tokyo? Apparently for delivering ramen without spilling.

https://blog.btrax.com/en/files/2019/08/Japanese_food_delive...

mock-possum

Why not just put the ramen in liquid-tight containers?

asl2D

In my experience hauling deliveries on the shoulders generally sucks, especially if weight is bigger. hence why most active couriers around my parts prefer to fix some sort of baggage rack to their ebikes.

IPTN

Agree with your points about load distribution assuming the weight isn't trivial. Instead of waist, the common term in English would be hips/hipbelt.

triceratops

> I've done most my hiking in Spanish

That's genuinely impressive, I've done most of my hiking in silence /s

I know what you meant though.

sam_lowry_

Camino.

samarthr1

Over here in Bengaluru, our quick commerce folks seem to prefer Yulu bikes.

They are small, nimble, low powered electric scooters with a decent carrying capacity, whose biggest advantage is _cheap_.

If you ask anyone other than the delivery folks, the yulu drivers are a menace, as they break the already fragile equilibrium that is Bengaluru traffic.

anovikov

I wonder why is still anyone NOT using e-bikes for delivery. This is the lowest hanging fruit ever. No charging issues (just a normal wall socket is more than enough), no range issues - trips are short and battery can be swapped by a person in seconds to the one that was charging. Almost zero running costs compared to a two-stroke.

reaperman

Not all cities are like yours - in Houston, it's reasonably common for a business to offer delivery "anywhere within the inner loop", which is just the smallest of three beltways which circumscribe the city.

The inner loop is 100 sq. miles (260 sq. kilometers). Right now (4:30PM on a Monday) drive times and cycling times are comparable (close enough its not really a deciding factor). But bicycling 6-10 miles for each delivery is a good way to get injured. Very few drivers here have any habit of expecting bicycles. When I bicycled to work, I got hit by a car roughly every other week - and that was just one 2 mile ride per day, not multiple 2-10 mile rides per day.

anovikov

Again i'm comparing with two-wheel two-stroke mopeds, not with cars... Using cars for delivery is all but impractical anyway because they stand in traffic ESPECIALLY in a city "not like mine", i'd hate to get my food ordered at 6pm, by 7.30, inedibly cold.

reaperman

Ah. Good comparison, I completely agree. And also, your description of long wait and cold food is reasonably accurate for Houston - it shocks me that food delivery apps are still so popular here; most people seem to talk about mainly bad experiences, but keep using it anyways.

euroderf

> I wonder why is still anyone NOT using e-bikes for delivery.

In Helsinki, delivery (of food) seems to be dominated by larger scooters with flat beds between yoke and seat post/rear fender. Maybe because the food delivery boxes are quite large, maybe because they have lots of insulation for winter use ? Maybe because the fat tires on the scooters are more stable on snow & ice ? Just guessing.

Gigachad

It pretty much is like that in Australia. Aus post utilises e-bikes and golf cart like things for a lot of deliveries. Most food delivery is done by e bikes.

They still have the traditional vans though since they get loaded up once in the morning to deliver a ton of large packages.

numpad0

I think it's because Uber Eats et al relies on social leniency for meatspace presence and not paying for parking lots and bikes themselves. E-bikes and EV vans are used successfully by couple large orgs globally albeit at small scales.

Or maybe because EV transition is not low hanging fruits at all, idk.

nemomarx

up front costs compared to non powered bike maybe?

anovikov

Compared to non powered bike maybe, but it's only practical in a very limited set of scenarios. I'm comparing to a two stroke moped that's still used by majority of deliverymen down here. These days a two-stroke moped costs about as much as an e-bike and is whole lot more expensive and difficult to maintain.

Only force behind it seems to be the force of tradition. Creepy to see it holding so much control over even very young people who delivery drivers tend to be.

kh_hk

When I was doing it, for rush, fun and sport. I guess it's a privileged take on it though.

Gerard0

Not the majority at all, but some people like me do it for fun :)

tim333

In London e-bikes have basically take over delivery of small stuff. A decade or so ago they tended to use motor scooters but there are a lot less restrictions on e-bikes.

brokenmachine

In Australia too.

They don't follow any road rules and ride on the footpaths at insane speeds.

They're not actually legal - I believe the law is that if they can go over 17kph without pedalling then they must be registered, have indicators, etc. But nobody seems to do anything about it.

I guess some elderly pedestrians must die before something is done.

Gigachad

Nothing is being done because it’s not an actual issue. No one is dying from being hit by delivery bikes. They are just annoying.

Meanwhile elderly drivers regularly have incidents that kill entire families and we shrug and say nothing can be done.

brokenmachine

From my very first google:

"In the five-year period from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2020, there were 14 deaths reported to an Australian State or Territory Coroner where an electric e-micromobility device, including e-bike, e-scooter and electronic self-balancing device, contributed to the death"

"Seven of the 14 deaths were related to e-bikes); 7 deaths were in Queensland and 5 in Victoria (by jurisdiction of investigation); 6 deaths were in the age group of 35–44 years; 5 were females."

<snip>

"Last year the state recorded eight deaths related to personal mobility devices, including e-bikes and e-scooters, quadrupling the number from the previous year, with more than 3000 people presented to 26 emergency departments."

https://www.news.com.au/technology/motoring/unaware-huge-war...

In addition, the reporting is lacking in this area.

"Often, e-bike injuries are grouped with other road users: motorcycles, bicycles and e-scooter therefore making it difficult to track its use, correlates of it and any injury or harm from it."

jjice

It's not one or the other in my eyes - both can be a problem. When someone whips by me on the sidewalk on an e-bike or moped at 20+ MPH, that's a serious danger as well. I agree that I haven't heard of anyone specifically dying from this, but it's absolutely a public danger.

robertlagrant

A friend's 8 year old kid had his arm broken by ripping, when it got caught in an on-pavement electric bike's wheel. 100% torque straight away.

I assume you heard about it, given the confidence of your assertions. So I'm just reminding you.

jollyllama

If that's the case, then the comparable motor scooters should be deregulated as well.

sevensor

An elderly pedestrian I know was recently struck by a car. Compound fractures, dislocated joints. He’s looking at a long recovery and a pile of medical bills, because the driver was barely insured and in the US we’re somehow fine with that. So it comes down to momentum transfer, and I’d much rather he’d have been struck by an e bike.

citiguy

I've seen e-bike collisions too. Unfortunately pedestrian's are still badly hurt or killed.

JKCalhoun

The e-bike rider has more on the line in a collision with a pedestrian as well.

robertlagrant

> I’d much rather he’d have been struck by an e bike

E-bikes offer additional risk, not alternative risk, because they're ridden on pavements.

floatrock

These frustrations are just as real as the resultant medical bills.

But the situation is here because we have a new technology (micromobility) that's struggling to find ways of adapting into the current car-centric infrastructure.

Another possibility is we recognize the benefits of this technology and redesign our infrastructure for it. And yes, it's a long, expensive process that requires changing minds (which is probably the hardest thing to do), so it will happen over years or decades.

So I'm not trying to diminish the problems, I'm just offering an alternative framing: clearly there's something behind this technology, and so we should be asking what does a world that incorporates it properly look like?

marcosdumay

> if they can go over 17kph without pedalling

And there's the excessive reactionary regulation that makes people not comply with the rules.

If you put some reasonable speed limit and look at the other important factors like weight, you won't need to register anything that runs as fast as a child on skates, and can focus on what is really the problem.

brokenmachine

I just looked it up, it's actually 25kph, which is faster than the average speed of a pedal bike rider.

So assuming that the safe amount of momentum we're happy with (without registration, etc) is that of a pedal bike rider, if we take into account the extra weight of an e-bike, that seems like a pretty lenient cutoff. Overly lenient in my opinion.

citiguy

It's the same here in New York City. I've seen e-bike accidents and they are no picnic. The city does crack down on them from time to time.

tim333

In the UK the police sometimes confiscate some of the illegal bikes that can to 30 mph+. The legal ones are limited to 15 mph. But yeah it's kind of chaotic.

brokenmachine

I've seen them here going >70kph, just judging by them going faster than 60kph traffic.

But people must have their Ubereats and safety costs money, so the deaths will be justified, I suppose.

andrepd

That is because there are millions of kms of roads for cars and virtually 0 for bikes.

Plus cars kill thousands of people every day, and we just sort of accept it as a natural fact of life. Why is a bike going 20kph suddenly a problem?

xaldir

Moped going 20+kph are regulated need registration and can't ride on sidewalk, there are ebikes weighting more than moped and going faster.

citiguy

Because bikes go the wrong way up one way streets, ride on sidewalks, don't use lights at night and run red lights whenever they feel like it. Think Brownian motion. If there are a lot of them (and there are in New York City) the odds of getting hit by one if you're not super duper careful is high. Worse if you are older and don't see so good or move so fast.

baud147258

> Why is a bike going 20kph suddenly a problem?

because the bike can and will use the sidewalk if there's not bike lane.

Yeul

E bikes can be used by 15-16 year olds so Dominos uses them a lot here in the Netherlands.

concerned_user

I don't think it is fair to compare Netherlands to other countries like UK or France because Netherlands has a well established culture around bikes and bike lane infrastructure is one of the best in the world, so it will be the last country that will have any issues because of e-bikes.

jtwaleson

Well, we (in NL) are used to bikes going mostly the same speed and people in cars and bikes following the rules. With overpowered fat-bikes, it's now much more chaotic than a decade ago.

The established road / bike path system here runs so smoothly that changes like this cause problems. People can't seem to improvise. I've also been to Cairo a lot and had a bit of a traffic culture shock. I believe that the chaotic Cairo traffic seems to cope much better with unexpected situations.

kibwen

For this use case you really care about reducing the lifetime total cost of ownership, which means making the bike as reliable, serviceable, and repairable as possible. I love e-bikes, but IME they have a long way to go to get to same level as normal bikes in this regard. It's good that the bikes in the article are locally-built, but I'd like to know whether or not they emphasize using standardized parts with high availability.

conductr

They article quotes $1400 for these bikes as initial investment. Add that to my personal assertation that anyone working on a bike should be handy enough to DIY for all things related to service/repair. Bikes are not hard to work on at all. If you agree with that, then you should be able to convert a standard bike to an e-bike with a couple hundred dollar kit that is readily available. Unless there's some kind of market capture here where they can't access the cheap parts I have access too via Alibaba/Amazon, this could easily be a DIY with a few simple tools and some research on YT. I've done this myself with no special electronic experience (however, I did service my own BMX bikes when I was a kid/teen).

bobthepanda

The only issue with the cheap kits is that they seem to be much likelier to catch fire.

conductr

You can buy well built kits that are inexpensive. If you buy the cheapest available on Alibaba then maybe there's some risk of this

luma

Do you deliver packages in a tropical climate? If the answer is no, maybe you have a different use case than the people in the article. Being able to make it through the day might carry more significance for these users than being able to tear the thing down without any electrical knowledge.

HN in a nutshell - you see an article full of first-hand reports of the users and their use case and your immediate reaction is that you know better about what they want and need than they do.

kibwen

I ride an e-bike 30 miles a day. It's my main mode of transportation, as I don't own a car. Right now it's in the shop for repairs; I understand well the time cost and wallet cost of regular maintenance and am actively considering building my own bike to find a better solution. Please don't pretend that you know me.

itishappy

I think you're entirely misunderstanding the comment you're replying to here. Of course having a usable bike is critical, but the comment was about reparability and cost of ownership in the long term. A repair shop won't be able to help you fix a bike if there's no parts available. This has nothing to do with the users electrical knowledge.

jjice

Agreed - maintainability directly contributes to whether or not something is "affordable" which is one of the center points of the article. Cheap and not repairable can quickly become expensive and wasteful.

numpad0

Hot and humid is the worst for any machines. Which tropical climate is. It's also lowkey why Toyota ended up being ~the most reliable brand of cars.

DanielHB

I can tell you for a fact that snow and salted streets is far, far worse for an e-bike (I assume cars/trucks too, but maybe not since the gears are more isolated from the street?). However these places are like that only for 2-4 months of the year.

Compound that to e-bikes batteries usually (always?) don't have heating systems to keep them at >0 C, at least you can take them out of the bike when not in use though.

Worse is there are some cities that have both, humid summers and salted streets in winter.

devilbunny

You're right about hot and humid, but Bogota (which is where the story is set) is not hot. Highest temperature ever recorded was 30 Celsius and usual highs all year are about 20 C. Average altitude is 2600 m/8600 ft.

It is humid, but that doesn't seem to translate into especially heavy rain - total precip is less than 900 mm/yr, or somewhere between Minneapolis and Chicago.

JKCalhoun

In my mind there's a "standardized", probably cargo, e-bike that has not yet been invented. A e-bike (or scooter) that is mass-produced and inexpensive like the Volkswagen Bug and popular enough to breed an ecosystem of aftermarket parts, mods, etc.

Let the clones follow using the same parts, connectors and you could have a world-wide phenomena.

davidzweig

I bought a sit-on electric Chinese cargo scooter from an importer in Bulgaria because I liked how it looked, and it's handy for going around town. They are everywhere in China. They are assembled by hundreds (probably thousands) of small factories. A big center is Wuxi. I visited a few factories there last year. The scooters cost about $350 USD in China.

There seems to be a sort of loose standardization around components, that are also churned out by countless factories. Wheels/motors are generally 10" or 12" size. Brake disks have either a certain 3 or 4 bolt pattern. I'm sure the electrics likewise follow some patterns.

I had the thought that it would be fun to 3d scan parts, measure and document some of these scooters, and make a database of suppliers. Then, who knows, start to make the frames and assemble in Bulgaria.

But you really need to be spending time in China to do that, and it wasn't really the right time for me then.

Another thing to note: branded scooters (niu etc.) are becoming more popular, better quality, extensive plastics, and you can probably order parts from the manufacturer.

rurban

For USD 1400 you also get a good E-scooter from Taiwan. I got mine here in Germany for that price. It's far better than an E-bike.

JKCalhoun

I think the scooter is going to be the winner in the U.S. People not used to biking are averse to being unable to sit and have both feet solidly on the ground at a stop.

And it will also be a "cargo" scooter because carrying things.

rurban

Just that the e-scooter batteries last much shorter than the e-bike batteries. And they won't work in colder temperatures.

Typically 2 years only. E-bike batteries last much longer.

jjice

Why's that? I have no experience here so I'm confused as to why the batteries would be different. Is it a size thing? Or are they just different tech all together?

JKCalhoun

I'm not sure why that would be.

yellow_lead

> It's far better than an E-bike.

Why? Not doubting you, but would love to hear more.

codedokode

I am surprised that people here are saying good words about food delivery workers. They are at least annoying when they break all the traffic rules, crossing roads in every direction on every traffic light color, and often dangerous when they ride on the sidewalk with a high speed. I wish they were at least banned from the sidewalks.

Also recent police raid (they should make them every day) showed that some of the delivery workers were illegal migrants, which shows that companies do little effort to check their documents when hiring.

null

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josefresco

Recently spent about 2 weeks driving to Boston every day and 100% of the delivery vehicles I noticed were gas powered scooters. Maybe the electric bike delivery people don't ride on the road?

yesfitz

Boston where? This article is about Latin America.

If you're interested in e-bike delivery in Boston, Massachusetts though, there was a pilot program starting in August of 2024: https://www.boston.gov/departments/transportation/boston-del...

megamike

I just returned from Brazil and Argentina and yes these E-Bikes are everywhere

Dwedit

"E-bikes produce virtually no greenhouse emissions after manufacturing"

Except for the electricity to charge it, which could either come from clean or dirty power. True about the lack of exhaust though.

Then it leads to the question about the efficiency of generation, distribution, and battery charging vs the distribution and burning of gasoline. Also the weight of the bike. Perhaps someone else has already done the math on this.

goosedragons

You have to have a really really dirty energy supply for an electric vehicle to be a higher emitter than an ICE vehicle. E-bikes also will replace things like two-stroke mopeds which are especially dirty for ICE vehicles.