Study finds bullies have more children than non-bullies
98 comments
·March 10, 2025croissants
r00fus
Perhaps it would be more useful to say (specifically for that first more valid study) that bullies have kids earlier.
boh
Yeah it feels like too much "research" is just click bait at this point (or just a lazy dissertation).
fxtentacle
Yeah, checking at such a young age is a serious distortion of the data. The average age at first pregnancy is somewhere around 30. That means they are counting exclusively pregnancies that are untypically early. A more accurate summary of the results would be:
Bullies have more accidental children before reaching the age where the average couple will start to deliberately get pregnant.
TheRealPomax
No, a more accurate summary of the results would be: "we generated a tiny bit of data from which no conclusions can be drawn, but it's some extra data that other studies may be able to use in the future maybe".
delichon
Presumably individual aggression versus fertility is an inverted U shaped curve in which fertility rises with aggression to an inflection point and then declines. That point is probably higher than we would like for the achievement of other social goals.
It may be that at the level of civilizations the aggression versus fertility curve is different than for individuals: Memes may propagate more efficiently with more or less aggression than genes do. But social media is showing that brutality is more positively correlated with virality than we'd hope for.
If cultural values about aggression reduce fertility to below replacement they become culturally suicidal. For both aggression and pacifism the dose is the poison. Calibrating the dose is an eternal political and biological battle.
BriggyDwiggs42
What exactly is fertility here? I don’t think all the non-bullies are shooting blanks. What if the bullies are just worse on average at family planning? How are you differentiating civilizations, especially in the modern age when national borders don’t constrain enormous trade of goods and culture?
decimalenough
It's not about shooting blanks, but getting the chance to reproduce in the first place. There's a lot of research showing that women are attracted to confidence and dominant traits (read: "bad guys"), and that this preference is basically universal.
1659447091
Women can be and are bullies too. The article took into account both sexes:
>>The research shows that higher levels of bullying in both men and women were associated with having children in young adulthood (by ages 23 or 24) in addition to having more children overall.
Their reason appears to be that they are able to date more and engage in more sexual activity as they assert their (I assume, higher) social position:
>> The recent findings build on previous BRAVE research that has indicated adolescent bullies date more and engage in more sexual activity than their peers—attracting potential mates by publicly asserting their dominance and establishing their position socially.
My guess is that more aggression leads to less foresight about consequences of action, or as OP mentioned, are just worse on average at family planning
BriggyDwiggs42
Could you share some of this research. I haven’t seen it, but I’d be happy to learn.
icantjuggle
It's a small but confusing point that in academic demography, "low/high fertility" just means something like "how many children does a typical woman have" rather than how easy/hard it is to conceive them (which is what it means in everyday language). See the definitions of these rates for example: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography#Common_rates_and_...
wakawaka28
I'm gonna guess a bit: Non-bullies are less attractive on average than bullies. It's not about their preference or aversion to other behavior. "Confidence" is a proxy for physical attractiveness. A confident unattractive person comes off as creepy.
BriggyDwiggs42
You’re assuming it’s an issue of attraction, and not what happens after you get the partner (maybe bullies keep their partners more often, or are more prone to having kids). I’ve got an alternative theory that somewhat agrees and somewhat disagrees.
Bullies are, if anything, people who conform to the unspoken desires of the group over the spoken ones. Groups have things that they say that they want, and a normal person conforms to those vocalized things. The bully, in an attempt to get the group’s approval, detects a deeper, unspoken set of wants and conforms to those instead. I think that someone naturally talented at that is more likely to be rewarded in our economic system. Isn’t the most successful businessman the guy who can detect those things people don’t know that they want and meet that demand? So maybe bullies end up richer, so more able to support kids and attract partners as a consequence.
reverendsteveii
strictly speaking, fecundity is the number of offspring you could make (and thus low fecundity would imply shooting blanks) whereas fertility is the number you actually make.
BriggyDwiggs42
Ah I see, that’s my bad.
optimalsolver
>Presumable individual aggression versus fertility is an inverted U shaped curve in which fertility rises with aggression to an inflection point and then declines
Are you sure about the decline part?
elzbardico
My experience with bullying as the occasional victim is that bullying is mostly a social phenomenon. The bully itself was rarely the problem, he was just the enforcer of conformity for the group. And as such he was really popular.
conductr
My experience as a father of a son that’s 6 and observer of his friends. I’ve been coaching a group of his buddies since they were 3 and can see a lot of patterns. About 50% is seemingly innate and potentially communication related. A lot of them grow out of it as they learn to communicate better. About 10-20% are non aggressors and never behave this way even when communication was a barrier. They follow instructions and typically have a good moral compass and excel at communication until around 5-6 (others catch up). They share well, play nicely, etc. The others are somewhere inbetween. They likely are somewhat aggressive at times but it’s generally a learned from older siblings behavior or they’re going along with someone else’s behaviors. Then, there are a few little shits who act like they get beat in the home (and probably do, honestly) and these ones are the worst - they see red and will kill/maim your non aggressors without a thought. The non aggressors don’t really understand violence and it confuses them why a “friend” would hit/push/snatch/not share. It’s kid of sad.
My kid is one of the non aggressors and I teach him self defense. I’m slowly revealing my true feelings to him as he’s maturing enough to handle it responsibly but I’d much rather him get expelled for zero tolerance self defensive fighting than be a victim of bullying.
Kids change obviously so we’ll see how they continue to develop and mature out of or into bully behavior, a few of the worsts have already chilled out a lot over the past few years while a few have become worse than they were when I met them. The thing that's weird is when they start distinguishing on things that are completely learned from adults; "poor" vs "rich", cars, vacations, etc are notable but also the stereotypical "cool" vs "nerd" interests and how they organize accordingly into their cliques.
bloomingkales
So if we have to go with your observation, the bully is the leader of a group. Such a person is rarely alone in life, and it would follow with the article. To live with yourself as a bully, you need a complicit group. If the group becomes aware of you, you kind of need a new group to believe you.
A group can be just two people. The bully exists because there is another that allows the group to exist (allows the abusive dynamic to exist). If the group stops existing, the bully stops existing, unless they find another group that allows it.
The bully by themselves (to be truly alone) would feel uncomfortable because their life is centered around extreme group dynamics.
elzbardico
The problem in my particular case is that the bully's group was basically every other kid but me and a couple of other nerds.
The other kids kind of didn't like our quirkness, or our poverty, or whatever other thing. Maybe they were fed up with the fact that we were the know it alls and the teacher's pet. It doesn't matter, but the fact is that we were the object of social rejection and the bully as the leader of the pack of kids, was also the executor.
bloomingkales
I'm sorry you went through that. In fact, I knew you went through that soon as you described it so accurately.
PaulHoule
Most importantly the school is in the circle of support of the bully because they won't let the victim leave and won't allow the victim to defend themselves.
abraxas
I on the other hand, found no such correlation. The primary bully did not do it to get approval of the crowds but because he was a psychopath.
munificent
I don't think we should consider "bully" to be synonymous with all violence perpetrated by kids.
Yes, some kids are psycho and violent, but to me, the term "bullying" implies some amount of social hierarchy too.
CaptWillard
I reject the premise that people can be sorted into bullies and non-bullies.
It's amusing/frustrating that such a premise is taken seriously.
bandinobaddies
I agree, somewhat.
In my high school, there was hierarchy of bullies. Some bullied other bullies. The victim bullies bullied other weaker kids. And some bullies only bullied other bullies, they were considered heros.
taeric
I'm curious. If you had some that you would categorize as only bullying people that bullied others, would this fit with a justice perception? How does this account for someone "repenting," as it were, of bullying?
Put differently, I think the objection is that "bully" is not an immutable facet of someone. For many, it often isn't even a choice moreso a by product of the general environment they find themselves in. Obviously malicious actors are defined by their intent to bully. But sometimes people will feel bullied from someone's intent to maintain a preexisting order? How does that get categorized?
bandinobaddies
> If you had some that you would categorize as only bullying people that bullied others, would this fit with a justice perception? How does this account for someone "repenting," as it were, of bullying?
I think some of it was complex rivalries. Bullies on the top were the cool kids who cared about their image a lot. They mostly bullied bullies who were challenging their status. They were also more sophisticated in their bullying and have other bullies do the dirty work of physical fights.
Then there were hero bullies who targeted other bullies. These hero bullies were usually stronger kids and really looking for fights. They didn't care about their images as much. A lot of time they were already in trouble with school. They would become protectors of the weakest kids. But they were probably the most violent and beat up the bullies of those weakest kids pretty bad. Maybe they had a savior complex. We really considered them heros at the time but now I realize that they went too far and probably pushed their victim bullies to get more violent.
> For many, it often isn't even a choice moreso a by product of the general environment they find themselves in
Yes, it was indeed the environment, at least, for some kids. Almost every kid was victim and a bully at the same time. We were like dogs, there was power hierarchy that was constantly challenged and enforced. Things would be fine most of the time if you didn't challenge anyone, every once in a while someone try to establish their dominance over you by verbally or physically assaulting you.
null
rexpop
> some bullies only bullied other bullies, they were considered heros.
Tit-for-Tat is a Nash Optimal survival strategy for the iterated prisoner's dilemma.
sitkack
I have known at least 7 people in my short life whose MAJOR defining personality attribute was bullying. Two of them were old enough to have had kids at the time, and both had 5 or more. One has a PhD and that was and still is way outside of the norm. Just anecdotal, but it is a data point.
cantrecallmypwd
It's a spectrum rather than binary categorization.
It's pretty easy to see that certain people are bully-like and certain people are definitely not bully-like.
ithkuil
There is also the effect of the person that engaged in bullying behaviour after having been bullied on the past and finally having the means to enjoy the feeling of being on the other side.
CaptWillard
> It's pretty easy to see that certain people are XXXX and certain people are definitely not XXXX.
What a fascinating pattern of thought.
rexpop
Do you reject the premise that people can be tagged or filtered by any aspects, whatsoever? Bullying behavior, perhaps, needn't be a "core" or "genetic" attribute of a person in order to meaningfully discern whether or not one's engaged in it at significantly higher rates.
What's the distribution, I wonder. Bimodal?
CaptWillard
I reject the premise for a number of reasons but many of them come down to how wildly subjective it is.
What constitutes bullying behavior?
Is there any context that would shift or nullify the label?
How often must someone engage in this behavior to have it be a defining characteristic?
What parameters would allow someone to shed the label?
You could add many more without much effort.
rexpop
Q: What constitutes bullying behavior?
A: Bullying behavior constitutes repeated aggressive actions intended to harm or intimidate another individual.
Q: Is there any context that would shift or nullify the label?
A: Contexts such as mutual consent, playful interactions among friends, or cultural differences may shift or nullify the label of bullying.
Q: How often must someone engage in this behavior to have it be a defining characteristic?
A: Engaging in bullying behavior consistently over time, rather than as an isolated incident, typically defines it as a characteristic of an individual.
Q: What parameters would allow someone to shed the label?
A: To shed the label, a person would need to demonstrate a sustained change in behavior, showing empathy and respect towards others over a significant period.
jaco6
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aurumque
Interestingly, the research doesn't indicate whether these additional children are wanted or expected. Similar to substance abuse, I would not be surprised if having more children is in fact an unwanted behavior that helps the genome but not the individual within society.
toomuchtodo
TheRealPomax
That's not the paper, that's just the abstract, which doesn't actually talk about sample size. It does point out an important limitation of the research: it looks at number of children specifically at 23 and 24 years old, rather than the full range of ages at which people have children in Canada. Which is the other limitation: it only looked at Canada, and the abstract doesn't say which parts of Canada, so there's so much information missing that it's impossible to tell what this study actually found.
toomuchtodo
Edited.
hcarvalhoalves
The plot from the "Idiocracy" movie gets more real everyday.
jmugan
I was thinking of that scene/meme from Back to the Future, "Hey, wait, I've seen this one!"
dandanua
We live in an inexplicable mixture of idiocracy + matrix + terminator. Only aliens are missing. Yet.
skyyler
Eugenics watered down just enough to be palatable to the average American?
firefax
Makes sense. I've seen folks justify being needlessly adversarial because their crotchspawn obviously deserve the best, so anyone who stands in the way of a promotion or publication is a threat and therefor they can reframe bullying as being a breadwinner.
sitkack
Standing up for someone else, you can be 10x over the top karen, and you are an alley and a hero.
Do it for yourself and you are an asshole. Other people's causes give you cover to act poorly.
*pre-edit, I realize this gives us a way to demonize those protecting the weak via an Ad hominem against the moral.
dennis_jeeves2
>crotchspawn
New word for me. Good one.
firefax
Haha thanks, I'm guessing English is not your first language? Glad I could be of help ;-)
dennis_jeeves2
Well, nearly the first language... Haven't see the use of that word in the circles I frequent (in US/Canada).
djaouen
Non-bullies don't want their unborn children to experience the same shit that they did. I wasn't bullied, and I think the exact same way and have no kids, btw.
scottLobster
Counterpoint: I was bullied, have two kids and want more.
I was fed a diet of "just ignore them and they'll go away" (ha), the school promising to do something about it but never more than a slap on the wrist for the bullies, "violence never solves anything", I learned to stay within view of the teachers at recess.
As I got older, I realized the issue was the authority figures in my life never allowed or taught me how to fight, physically or otherwise. The practical solutions to the problem made them so uncomfortable that they avoided even discussing them. So they just let me suffer for years knowing that eventually I'd graduate and the problem would "go away".
Let's just say that my kids won't have that same upbringing, and any bully who tries what I experienced will be in for a shock.
silisili
I personally wasn't bullied, but if I had to live in the school district I grew up in and felt I had no way out, I would have never had kids. It was that bad.
Luckily that wasn't the case, so I do, and a change of scenery helps a ton. The way they describe school now is nothing like when I was in public school.
nostrademons
I was bullied and have 3 kids. Living well is the best revenge.
ajb
Shark neonates attack each other in the womb. Hyena cubs kill each other.
I don't know if the evidence of this paper is good, but it's plausible to me that human children attempt to damage each other for evolutionary benefit. It's not a very optimistic viewpoint, because it means the parents of bullies have a strong motivation to prevent the rooting out of this behavior.
nkmnz
The biggest bullies have 14+ kids.
I don't think there's a good discussion to be had about this article. The referenced paper is based on two data sources. One is a longitudinal study (great!) of "hundreds" of children in one region (not bad!) and only checks parenthood at the rather young age of 23-24 (uhhh). The other study is based on Mechanical Turk questions. In both the article and the fullest version of the paper I can find online [1], no further details are provided -- not the size of the effects, not the statistical power, nothing.
[1] https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Febs0000374