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Euclid finds complete Einstein Ring in NGC galaxy

bawolff

> The phenomenon of strong gravitational lensing has been first discussed already in the late 1700s

That's kind of surprising to me. I assumed in the newtonian picture gravity would not bend light.

tbrownaw

We already knew by then that the speed of light was finite (per Wikipedia, in 1676), but not that it was constant (general relativity).

I don't think there'd have been any reason to think it would act differently than any other small object passing near a more massive one?

PantaloonFlames

Yes, I would like more information on this. Who was involved in this “discussion”? Do we have documents or letters clarifying this?

sheepscreek

It still blows my mind when I come across images brimming with galaxies. How insignificant are we in the vast universe? Even our entire solar system, it’s likely not even a blip in the cosmic scheme. Just wow…

Telemakhos

> How insignificant are we in the vast universe?

That's one way to put it, but a negative way. The other might be more humbling: how significant are we? Or, as a statement instead of a question, we are the only significant thing of which we know.

We can theorize about life elsewhere, and we can write space-opera fiction about life on other worlds, but, to the best of our knowledge, we are the only ones who can. We know there is other life on our world, but not as rational as we. We do not know for a fact that there is any equivalent, rational species in all that vast universe that we can see, let alone any more advanced than we are.

Asking the question that way makes me, at least, wonder if we comport ourselves in accordance with our knowledge of our exceptionalism. If we are the most advanced form of life that we know and can prove to exist, do we behave like it?

sheepscreek

Who said anything about being depressed? It’s a fact, we are insignificant in the universe. Less than a rounding error. I am simply acknowledging it.

It doesn’t make me feel like anything, other than trying to imagine the universes’ vastness - in an attempt at futility. I don’t think my mind (or any human mind) can ever truly fathom it.

The image in question is likely a blow up of a point in the sky that’s 1mmx1mm, about the size of a grain of sand, and it is rich with many many galaxies, way more than we can see - if you account for the vast and infinite depth. The Milky Way is said to have 400 billion stars. So if there are a 1000 galaxies present in the image, that’s trillions of stars in a square mm of the sky.

I think it’s pretty darn empowering to think your life’s problems mean that less, one part in numbers so large I can’t even pronounce. Don’t you think?

virgildotcodes

I completely agree with you, yet this morning I was looking at pictures of Lingchi execution, and now I'm picturing the victim thinking to themselves "you know, my problems really aren't that big of a deal in the grand scheme of things."

For those also morbidly curious (consider yourself warned) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingchi

cdetrio

"Some people become depressed at the scale of the universe, because it makes them feel insignificant. Other people are relieved to feel insignificant, which is even worse. But, in any case, those are mistakes. Feeling insignificant because the universe is large has exactly the same logic as feeling inadequate for not being a cow. Or a herd of cows. The universe is not there to overwhelm us; it is our home, and our resource. The bigger the better." -- David Deutsch

jajko

I wouldn't attack people's emotions like that, the approach of 'my opinion is better than yours and your emotions are wrong' ain't the best.

Its just one of those concepts or facts of life like our (im)mortality that each of us has to handle on their own terms since each of us is wired in pretty unique ways. Its perfectly fine to be in awe or even stunned by it, it means one actually started to grasp vastness of that topic and the fact we don't have it all figured out and during our lifetime this won't change.

Every time I look at starry night sky and realize those distances, thermonuclear furnaces glowing across vast distances in absolute cold (or their massive groups looking similarly yet being vastly further), I am in awe. It puts my efforts and happiness in my life in a good perspective, in similar fashion spending my time with my kids does. And I look at stars every night I can, its a beautiful calming sight for me.

jumploops

The existence of one is usually an indicator of more, especially when the sample size is low.

If we were the only “rational” beings (all of past, present, and future), that would clearly be some feat!

However, if we’re to bet on our limited evidence that this is true, we’re likely not to flourish as we might.

Just remember, there are more stars than sand, and more time than not.

We are surely not the first observers of this reality (however “rational” or not), and likely not the last.

xandrius

I cannot see it as a "feat", as I literally did nothing to make that happen. So, it's not dissimilar to the wonders of other animals: cool but not thanks to me.

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Etheryte

That is just a massive ego trip, no? Very similar to scientists of old who posited that humans were special amongst the other animals in having intelligence. Well turns out all animals are intelligent just the same way, we simply lack the communication skills to understand one another much. Every time someone makes an argument like this I can't help but feel it's like a child saying they're the best at something because they haven't seen anyone else better.

droopyEyelids

This comment tells us a lot about your personality, succinct!

bjelkeman-again

Until proven otherwise, I think of humanity as The Ancients in the universe, and we have just gotten started.

fnordpiglet

I actually feel like it goes to say whether we are significant or not is irrelevant - your life is the only life you’ll ever experience, and it is of penultimate significance to the universe you will ever experience.

temp0826

I'm with you on this. Until proven otherwise I'm going to assume that we're very, very special, maybe even the point of the whole thing, that all of it is necessary just so we can be here. More of an excuse to not mess up what little we do have control over.

brabel

I can't see how one can come to such conclusion. We know that there are trillions of stars, and an even greater number of planets, in the universe. We know that life can start relatively easily on some planets, as we know it happened at least once. Out of trillions, there must be at least millions of planets that "look like" ours out there. How can one conclude "we are very very special" given that information? It's illogical to me.

frankohn

> The other might be more humbling: how significant are we? Or, as a statement instead of a question, we are the only significant thing of which we know.

We may assume that we are the only intelligent life in the universe and that life on our planet is highly significant. Humanity itself faces a great challenge in finding its way. We are currently in a dark period of our evolution—one where we have mastered a great deal of technology to make our lives materially comfortable, yet we have not mastered the "demons" within our minds. We fail to control them as individuals, and even less so as societies. These demons were instilled in us by natural evolution, serving us well until the Neolithic age. But in the modern era, they have become our greatest enemy. At this point, the biggest problem facing humanity is human nature itself. We stand on the brink of destroying our planet in numerous ways. Humans have already caused one of the greatest mass extinctions of large animals in Earth's history.

One argument supporting the theory that Earth is the only planet with advanced life is the growing realization of how many rare conditions must be met for life to emerge. In the past, scientists believed it was enough for a planet to be located within the habitable zone of its star. We are now beginning to understand that this is merely one of the most basic requirements among many others.

Earth itself has come close to losing all its life on multiple occasions—such as during the Snowball Earth period—despite the Sun remaining stable and the planet still being within the habitable zone.

One crucial factor for sustaining life is a planet’s internal magmatic activity, which must be powerful enough to generate a stable magnetic field. This field protects the atmosphere from being stripped away by solar winds. Additionally, it seems that magmatic activity played a key role in warming the planet during its early years when the Sun’s radiation was weaker. In fact, the gradual increase in solar radiation over billions of years appears to have offset the decrease in Earth's internal heat, maintaining the planet’s temperature within a range suitable for life to thrive.

However, Earth's prolonged and vigorous magmatic activity appears exceptional, likely because a colossal collision with a rogue protoplanet—the event known as the Giant Impact Hypothesis—not only formed the Moon but also injected an enormous amount of thermal energy into the young Earth. This impact created a long-lasting magma ocean phase, effectively resetting the planet's internal heat and driving rapid mantle convection and differentiation. Such enhanced magmatic activity contributed to the early formation of a stable geodynamo, which has sustained Earth's magnetic field and, consequently, its atmosphere over geological time.

For all we know, Earth may be unique in the universe, but we are far from certain enough to make such a claim.

The other possibility is that intelligent life exists elsewhere, but the barriers imposed by the speed of light—combined with the unimaginable vastness of the universe—may render it impossible for advanced civilizations to find or communicate with one another. Who knows? Perhaps the universe was created by some form of intelligence that ensured life could develop, but only in such rare and distant pockets that no two civilizations could ever reach each other, or even communicate.

EDIT: expanded the paragraph about the big impact hypothesis.

fmbb

I saw a YouTube video by some astronomy nerd seemingly specializing in simulation or special effects. Sorry I cannot recall the channel name.

He pointed out to the viewers that the amount of void in between stars that is visible is a bit misleading in all these super high res photos we see of our universe.

The video ended with some special effects/simulations of the night sky as seen from the South Pole. If the light pollution was literally zero, and you had eyes (or a camera) that could somehow see _all_ stars regardless of how far away they are, the night sky would basically look like a still picture of the color noise on an old analog TV. Hardly any black void anywhere, it’s just all stars. It was mind-boggling (and I hope true, not a scam video).

raattgift

You probably found a video discussing Olbers's paradox <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olbers%27s_paradox>.

consp

The CMB is uniform, so if you go back far enough that is true (and apply a blueshift). Amospheric disturbances would smear out a lot of it though, so no points like in analogue thermal noise.

dostick

On the contrary, we are way too significant, look at recursive universe theory. Any atom in your body could contain a smaller than we can detect yet, universe of its own. And our universe could be just inside of an atom in some larger universe. There’s no limit how deep in or outward you can go. There’s no law of physics that prevents that in theory. Not only universe is infinite in space but also infinite in intro or outward recursion.

And with that, it’s possible that our universe is on collision course with another, but because it’s on physics level of “outside” universe, the speeds relative to size there are millions of times faster. And if collision occurs our universe will cease to exist in a moment. We will not know it happened.

aeve890

I could look at deep field images for hours and I can't even begin to describe what it makes me feel. Some kind of existencial dizziness, spiritual reverence, fear, awe, insignificance of course. It sigkills my executive function.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_deep_fields

JohnMakin

And that’s simply the part of the cosmos that is not obscured by our own galaxy. we are seemingly quite lucky to be positioned where we are in it

layer8

Another perspective is that there are more orders of magnitude (35 to Planck length) below us than above us (26 to the size of the observable universe). So we are relatively already giants.

dhosek

Ever hear Monty Python’s Galaxy Song (from The Meaning of Life)?

jiggawatts

Astronomy is one of the few sciences that I've studied that has given me existential dread.

In particular, the scale of the universe just hurts my brain: If you were to scale down the Sun to the size of a coarse grain of sand (1 mm), then the orbit of the Earth would be about 20 cm across, with the planet itself being microscopic at this scale (10 micrometers). Jupiter would be a barely visible speck 55cm from the Sun.

At this incredibly tiny scale, the next nearest star in the galaxy is about 30 kilometers (18 miles) away! That's roughly the same as a trip across a typical city, but our Voyager probes at this scale have gone only 15 meters over a period of 45 years! That's comparable to the rate at which hair grows (1 mm/day).

Hence, a good mental model for thinking about the scale of our galaxy is: Stars are grains of sand separated by tens of kilometers on average across a circular space the size of the orbit of the Moon.

prezjordan

Strangely enough the analogies that scale earth's orbit to ~centimeters and nearby stars to ~kilometers actually makes me think we're not that far from other stars! Once you scale it back up and start thinking about travel times measured in ~generations I'm humbled again.

miyuru

Are you describing a video by codyslabs by any chance?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCSIXLIzhzk

jiggawatts

There are many good solar system scale model videos including that one! You get a feel for different aspects at the various scales, I’m aiming for grokking galactic scale factors.

The “Sun is a beach ball” is great for solar system understanding, etc…

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jl6

The bit I find amazing in these galaxy fields is the apparent randomness of the orientation of each galaxy. Why is this? Are we seeing a remnant of chaotic behavior where tiny random variations at the smallest scale in the early universe led to the wildly diverse objects that we see today? There is great variation in the color, size, and shape of galaxies too, but somehow it’s the apparent orientation that baffles my intuition.

mr_mitm

Funny you should ask. Euclid specifically measures the ellipticity of billions of galaxies.

Because the light traverses regions of lower and higher density (made up mostly of dark matter), we see a gravitational lensing effect. Sources of gravity distort the image behind the "lens". The article describes a strong lensing effect, which is pretty self-evident. By analyzing correlations of galaxy ellipticities we can measure an effect which is only apparent as a statistical effect. You'd expect no intrinsic correlation of the apparent ellipticity between galaxies (because they can be millions of light-years apart), but this so called weak lensing effect does create a correlation. I basically think of it as observing perfect ellipses through slightly obscure glass and deducing from that the exact shape of the glass.

Thanks to Euclid's data, we will be able to create a sort of 3D map of the total matter distribution (dark and baryonic), which will in turn tell us how the universe evolved better than any other probe. We hope to learn more about dark energy in this way.

jrootabega

Might be begging the question. Perhaps it's not really that random. We common people don't usually get pictures that convey depth and orientation, and probably wouldn't care even if we did. Might only be as random as a solar system with varying orbital inclinations and directions.

If not, the forces that turn some solar systems and galaxies into rotating disks might not act the same at the supergalactic scale in time and space?

UltraSane

The location of galaxies is thought to have been triggered by quantum fluctuations in the earliest moments of the universe that caused matter to be denser in some locations. But why would you expect galaxies to NOT be randomly oriented?

jl6

I guess I shouldn’t have that expectation. Perhaps it’s because on Earth we see nearby objects aligning with each other because they have been shaped by similar forces, or because they influence each other. But perhaps galaxies don’t interact with each other enough to result in any kind of alignment.

evanb

Molecules of nitrogen and oxygen both have a distinguished axis (along the bond), but because they're gaseous there's no reason to expect them to align throughout the atmosphere.

So too with galaxies---which, from a cosmological perspective, are essentially infinitesimal dust.

UltraSane

The planets in our solar system all orbit on the same plane because they all formed from the same dust cloud that was rotating in the same plane.

kryogen1c

> why would you expect galaxies to NOT be randomly oriented?

Well that depends on what your intuition about randomness is, doesn't it?

Flipping a coin is not random, but you can't tell me the answer before it happens.

Similarly, galaxy orientation is not random, but predicting the world we perceive is perhaps not so easy.