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A Year of Telepathy

A Year of Telepathy

356 comments

·February 11, 2025

kragen

I wonder how hard it would be for an LLM interpreting the neural signals to perform a convincing simulation of speaking for the paralyzed person while doing things they don't actually want, or after they've suffered a loss of mental function that leaves them not really wanting anything. Like the autism scandals surrounding Facilitated Communication. Not that I think that's what is going on currently.

This Greg Egan short story is a useful intuition pump about the possibilities. Not recommended for children. Or before trying to sleep. https://philosophy.williams.edu/files/Egan-Learning-to-Be-Me...

It would be great if instead of "a clinical trial to demonstrate that the Link is safe and useful" we could have a clinical trial to determine whether or not it is.

sdwr

I liked the line

> My parents were machines. My parents were gods. It was nothing special. I hated them.

and how the story mixes adolescence and feeling special with philosophical ramifications (hinting that focusing on the philosophical ramifications is just an adolescent attempt at feeling special?)

The narrator falls into the same trap at the end, assuming that he is the 1-in-a-million exception. He doesn't realize that everyone has the same experience, they just process it in a healthier way. AI Catcher in the Rye.

soVeryTired

I really enjoyed that read. Is it hinted that everyone has the experience though?

There's a week where the jewel and the brain are still paired, but the jewel is in control. The hospitals monitor that the two are similar to within tolerance, but somehow this jewel slips through the net. What makes you think there's more to it than the 'one in a million' explanation?

sdwr

He sets up a conspiracy theory, where the system knows he's the only one out of sync and forces him through anyway.

If you are reasonable instead of rational, the slippage that occurs within that week is fine. It's expected, as he notes, because the jewel doesn't replicate neurons constantly dying, so it can't be a "perfect" copy.

Adolescence is typified by feeling like everything is happening to "me", for the first time ever. It fits the theme to have him solipsistically dramatize a normal experience. You can see this in the last line, where he wonders if the person him ever felt as "real" as he does.

kragen

SPOILERS

janetmissed

Thank you for sharing this short story. I read it with my coffee and really enjoyed it, turns out existential dread goes well with the first hit of caffeine of the day. You made my morning :)

kragen

You're very welcome!

kragen

Warning, comments in this thread include spoilers for the short story.

If you upvote this comment, people will see this spoiler warning before the spoilers.

Probably that would be beneficial to a substantial fraction of the people reading the thread.

twalla

Highly recommend Diaspora by Greg Egan as well.

nomilk

> Noland suffered a spinal cord injury in a swimming accident and became paralyzed below his shoulders. Noland spent most of his days in bed. His primary digital device was a tablet which he controlled using a mouth-held stylus (mouth stick). The mouth stick not only caused discomfort and fatigue after prolonged use, but it also had to be put in place by a caregiver

> He is now able to control a cursor with his thoughts to browse the internet, play games, and continue his educational journey with greater independence.

Once reliable and cheap, the tangible difference this tech is going to make to people's lives is pretty wild.

Curious to know how accurate the cursor movements and clicks are. For example, here he is playing polytopia: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgY70ZWCL1g

In polytopia, a misclick can be about as frustrating/costly as a mouseslip in chess (when you move a piece to the wrong square by mistake).

pona-a

We can still see the motion is forced, the cursor takes non-direct paths, actively doges away from targets, requiring active steering to stay put long enough to press them. While there are few misclicks, it feels like a product of active effort more than the inherent accuracy.

hexator

Not mentioned at all is the failure rate, which back in May was reported by Ars to be 85% with the first patient, Noland. [1]

[1] https://arstechnica.com/science/2024/05/neuralink-to-implant...

OsrsNeedsf2P

This is 85% of the threads in the device failed, yet it was allegedly mitigated after a software update, and usage of Neurolink continued to climb for the patient, suggesting the device is still functional

InDubioProRubio

What about the scar tissue those implants generate? How did they avoid that?

discordance

Between 2018 and 2022 "the company has tested on and killed at least 1,500 animals — over 280 sheep, pigs, and monkeys, as well as mice and rats." [0]

0: https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/12/11/23500157/neura...

zensavona

Being concerned about animal testing seems pretty silly coming from people who likely eat pigs, sheep and other intelligent animals every day, who likely lived in just as bad conditions if not worse their whole lives leading up to them becoming food.

I also eat meat, it just seems a bit ironic to me.

Veserv

You are ignoring the benefit side of a benefit-harm morality analysis.

Eating an animal at least ostensibly has positive value for the people doing so. However, there are plenty of forms of "animal testing" that confer zero positive value. For instance, testing the wrong compound or inserting the wrong implant confers zero benefit. Having improper controls, "testing" nonsensical theories, repeating stale results poorly, inadequate data collection, etc. are just a few ways a test procedure can be totally useless or even actively harmful.

This also ignores one of the other aspects of animal testing which is as a dry run or rehearsal for actual application. You do it right in animals so you are practiced at doing it right for when you need to do it right in humans. "Oh yeah, we royally screwed up in every rehearsal, but we will nail it in production." is not an acceptable approach. You look at the care taken during their practiced procedures on less critical subjects to determine if their practiced procedure is adequate for more critical subjects. A process that kills far more test subjects than others or achieves middling results relative to resource expenditure or that treats subjects as disposable for "advancing science" is not a process fit for human subjects. Assuming ingrained cultural process deficiencies will magically disappear when using changing subjects is foolish.

These are just some of the reasons why people eating a ridiculous number of animals does not and should not waive our invalidate concerns about animal testing procedure.

andsoitis

> Eating an animal at least ostensibly has positive value for the people doing so

It is what comes before the eating that we should think about. We are breeding conscious beings (cattle, pigs, chickens) in harrowing conditions, with second order effects on the environment and plant and animal diversity (by clearing space for feed).

Should we stop eating animals? I don't know.

Should we stop testing on animals? If it meant that we cannot develop certain classes of therapies, then probably not.

Should we level up our compassion and care for animals and the environment even if it means humans have less luxury as long as it doesn't hold back increased life and health span? Probably.

concordDance

> However, there are plenty of forms of "animal testing" that confer zero positive value.

I find it difficult to believe that companies do expensive surgery on expensive animals for no reason (other than sadism?). These companies think this testing does in fact have value (and if we don't trust companies to make that determination we probably should restrict animal testing to governments).

But regardless, there's no real way to justify eating meat (given the marginal benefit of taste over vegan food) other than saying the lives and suffering of animals is essentially worthless. There isn't a threshhold you can put which will allow eating but prevent animal testing.

hoseja

> testing the wrong compound or inserting the wrong implant confers zero benefit

It's called learning. That's why they are doing it in the first place.

Philpax

I'm pulling out my vegetarian pass to say, without hypocrisy, that Neuralink's animal testing record appears to be pretty horrific.

misja111

If you're using non-vegan products such as soap, shampoo or certain medicines you are complicit to animal testing as well.

ralfd

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Timwi

Right, but neither irony nor hypocrisy means that it's wrong. Murder is wrong and if a murderer on death row says that murder is wrong they are still correct.

hcurtiss

I suppose, but most people do not believe killing animals to benefit humans is wrong.

sangnoir

> Being concerned about animal testing seems pretty silly coming from people who likely eat pigs

This is reductive and lacking any form of nuance. If I eat chicken, should I automatically be okay with heavily industrialized chicken farms, or even setting chickens alight for entertainment? Just because one evolved to be an omnivore doesn't mean one is okay with all forms of killing animals.

Der_Einzige

Yes, actually you DO endorse the creation of things when you purchase or use their services.

aaarrm

Considering you have options, one could argue that you must be okay with them, otherwise you could just choose to not support them. I personally believe there's more nuance than that, but Ive heard that line of argument before.

oefnak

Yes. You are absolutely responsible for killing animals if you eat meat.

foobiekr

You should perhaps consider that most people would rather die than be tortured to death and perhaps we feel the same way about animals even if we eat meat - especially primates.

null

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fulafel

Taken seriously, this is a fallacy and a way of thinking that easily halts progress in making the world a better place. You can always use whataboutism to argue against any improvement on grounds that a consistent ethic would require you to improve several other things at once. Being this kind of silly on the way is fine.

(Also of course a lot of the critics don't eat meat, and it's also true that the rest of us should stop, starting from factory farmed meat)

yreg

I believe that killing a pig for neuroscience research is more worth it than killing it to eat it. It also scales much better.

(I currently eat meat.)

some_random

I'm sorry but if you make me choose between 1,500 animals or improving the life of one single paralyzed human being, I am choosing the human every single time.

sneak

Would you prefer they do the R&D solely on humans? Or that they cease developing BCIs?

aziaziazi

Volontary humans over constrained animals? Sure!

Why would you cease developing BCIs? It’s not ethical to force another sentient being into biological R&D on their own body. OTOH there’s no problem to enroll someone to a dangerous mission if they’re truly voluntary and get a benefit from it.

fliglr

Who cares. Do you want them to test on humans?

ArlenBales

Give it time. Under President Musk it'll only be a matter of time until they invent a drug like the one used by Dr Cortazar's group in The Vital Abyss, eschewing ethics for scientific progression. I wouldn't be surprised if half the scientists under Musk's companies jump at the chance to use it, considering they still work for him while he dismantles American democracy (so their ethics are already questionable).

Daz1

Severe case of MDS

aziaziazi

Don’t you? They’ll need to do it sooner or later. The sooner - the less unwilling cobaye used.

drawkward

I hate Elon and refuse to support any of his business ventures; this, however, seems preferable to testing on humans.

lijok

Between 2018 and 2022 I've probably consumed 1500 animals worth of products, and didn't hand 3 paralyzed people their autonomy back as a result, so I'd say Neuralink are doing just fine.

agos

you consume more than one whole animal a day? you might want to cut down on that

philwelch

I think most people could probably eat an entire rotisserie chicken every day.

yapyap

Glad to see neuralink didn’t give up on their sensationalism.

“telepathy” gtfo, they’re trying to give their brainchips marketing hype synonyms like how Altman calls ChatGPT AI when really, it’s not artificial intelligence, it’s just ML. But ML sounds a whole lot less exciting in the marketing pitch.

nickvec

ML is a subset of AI.

red-iron-pine

I mean a set of if/else chains is, in the broadest sense, AI

but it's not the AI that Altman is selling, ditto for ML

Terr_

"But sometime next^8 year, the patients will be Fully Self Driving."

murderingmurloc

Lex Fridman's interview with Noland and the doctors is a marathon 8.5 hours, but I highly recommend it for a deep dive into the process and results.[1]

[1] https://youtu.be/Kbk9BiPhm7o?si=g-MqcUcmS9sZhVdc

Ajedi32

The interview with Noland at 6:48:59 was particularly interesting to me. Lots of details about what Neuralink is actually like to use in practice.

jeff_vader

Isn't the main showstopper issue to solve for brain implants is scarring response or something similar? That is when body responds to the implant and surrounds electrodes with some sort of tissue reducing its effectiveness. Has Neuralink made any advancements in that area?

tim333

They can remap the electrodes to find ones that work. Also the thing seems relatively easy to replace and brain implants go. It's a bit early to say how much use they'll get.

InDubioProRubio

Yes, they cloned some minions to downvote biologic reality.. Posted the same questions. Got nil response. If they had a break through, you could see it at the patent search.

InDubioProRubio

So - what about implant scar tissue? How do they avoid it? How do they reintegrate connections if the implant has to move on? I dont want sob-stories, i want links to patents about avoiding inflamation.

betimsl

Naming it Telepathy is plain wrong.

renewiltord

The videos are remarkable. He moves like a person on a touchpad, rather than a quadriplegic. Incredible technology. The joy it is going to bring to so many is going to be wonderful to see.

wazdra

Am I the only one a bit disturbed by this whole communication ?

I mean, we all know helping disabled is not the end-game objective of neuralink. And right now, from a very cynical point of view, disabled people constitute a large reservoir of cobayes and free marketing for Neuralink

I don’t know how much has been invested in R&D on Neuralink, but I doubt we have ever invested that much money in any other technology to provide autonomy to the disabled.

And it is not perfectly clear to me that, for the sole prospect of helping paralysed people, Neuralink is the best way to go. It sure is the one that looks the coolest, but it’s going to be very expensive, hard to fix when something goes wrong, and it is also hard to trust. Those issues do not seem to be avoidable

Don’t get me wrong, I admire the huge QoL gain for the three patients. As individuals, they sure benefited from this. Idk if the same is true of the disabled as a social group

andsoitis

> we all know helping disabled is not the end-game objective of neuralink.

Can you tell us more what you surmise we all think is the end-game objective?

consumer451

> Can you tell us more what you surmise we all think is the end-game objective?

Musk's original stated end-game objective is to give humans a chance against ASI by removing the biggest impediment that humans have to communicate digitally, the keyboard.

This is hard to believe as the truth, as it is extremely short-sighted. If ASI can think 1000x faster than a human brain, and with much more intelligence, then what does giving humans even a 100x improvement in I/O achieve? Also, if ASI is achieved, then it will continue to self-improve. The meat brain is stuck at our current speed.

Please see my HN profile for a privacy rant about the downsides, which only assumes a read capability. Once a write capability is introduced, I mean you gotta be kidding me. Who should you trust with that power? The answer is no one.

dmbche

Isn't it to sell brain-computer connectivity to the masses?

isoprophlex

Jensen Huang becoming a sandworm from Dune, only he keeps shitting out mountains of NVIDIA cards instead of spice. Elon Musk and the rest of the technorati using neuralink to upload themselves into said mountain of GPUs to become immortal.

Terr_

Wait... A sandworm with a mountain of GPUs ravaging a country ruined by a Technorati-coup's failed dreams of immortality?

The anime movie Vexille (2007) has you covered: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9Ti8mjRXsc&t=34

Technically the worms ("jags") are unintended junk rather than tools of apotheosis, but the overlap is striking.

golol

powerful general BCI, FDVR, cyborg intelligence and so on. Elon Musk clearly stated this many times.

computerthings

Someone who has genuine concern for helping people doesn't cut medical programs in fly-by-night operations to leave people with medical devices in their body and whatnot. Empathy and caring about suffering can be ruled out.

Generally speaking, the demo is always about finding the green ball on top of a red cube, or the person who went missing in a land slide, but what sells it is detecting and aiming at the dissident hiding under a truck.

And isn't it weird how "think of the children" is always ridiculed but "think of the paralyzed etc." is just fine? I've seen it countless times in the last decades. Just recently when I said on here I want "AI" art to be marked as "AI" made and someone claimed I don't care about the people who have Parkinson's and can't hold a brush, but wouldn't answer why we can't mark it anyway. It's not the people with Parkinson's that want to pass of their creations as hand-made. They're just getting used.

Sure, paralyzed people would love to be able to control a cursor with their mind etc., but even more than that they don't want cuts to social programs, that enable them a dignified life beyond "making them as functional as a healthy person", to allow tax cuts for the super rich. They want friends to have time for them instead of working 3 jobs, that sort of stuff. But Musk and his spiritual brethren are gleefully moving in the opposite direction, as fast and ruthlessly as they can.

So I say this particular doctor is three butchers in a trench coat. I can't prove it, because I can't read minds, but nobody else can either, and this is the "bet" I'm going with. Vulnerable and sick people can only have things that would a.) help super rich people with the same conditions and b.) enable more persecution and exploitation, and an easier discard of undesirable, unproductive or rebellious members of society.

null

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yreg

> And isn't it weird how "think of the children" is always ridiculed but "think of the paralyzed etc." is just fine?

Isn't the difference that "think of the children" is used to ban stuff and "think of the paralyzed" is used to enable stuff?

Terr_

> Vulnerable and sick people can only have things that would a.) help super rich people with the same conditions

I have occasionally wondered if, in some kind of time-travel scenario, I could convince the local royalty that subsidizing healthcare for the masses would ultimately benefit them years down they line when they need an experienced doctor who knows how to do some kind of surgery.

> Someone who has genuine concern for helping people doesn't cut medical programs in fly-by-night operations to leave people with medical devices in their body and whatnot.

Some folks might miss the political reference: https://www.citizen.org/news/egregious-abandonment-of-ongoin...

> but what sells it is detecting and aiming at the dissident hiding under a truck

Mildly relevant: https://xkcd.com/2128/

tdeck

Apparently "cobaye" is guinea pig in French. I learn something new every day :).

Terr_

My first puzzled interpretation was of a "reservoir of co-pays", as if there was some kind of financial/insurance exploitation going on.

jdoe1337halo

As much as I hate Musk, this brings a tear to my eyes seeing these disabled people regain autonomy and feel like a person again.

rezmason

As much as I like regaining autonomy, we should hold back those tears until a patient's implant outlasts a product cycle. I can't find the article to link to, but there's an ongoing issue with tech companies producing assistive devices or prosthetics and obsoleting them when the company pivots, gets bought or goes under.

Corporate cyborg parts are an already-predicted nightmare, already taking place, unfolding in slow motion, and soon it will breach the sanctity of human thought.

blacksmith_tb

I think that would be these eye implants[1].

1: https://spectrum.ieee.org/bionic-eye-obsolete

llm_trw

The simple solution is that all such devices must be submitted to a central government database and all blue prints, source code etc. will be released into the public domain is the company no longer supports the device or closes down.

ta988

This is indeed the solution for every industry. The main issue is that really often companies get bought with assets by another company that just let them rot. So you would need a provision that in case of non maintenance it should be released. But then they would fight you in court because they use specific code or design in a newer device and that would release it to the public... So while it would be the perfect solution for the patients I doubt our society is really organized to represent their rights and needs (and we see that with insurance as well)

kvdveer

I'm pretty confident that anything involving a central government database won't really fly under the current political climate. Definitely not in the US, but many other countries are bowing to US pressure to limit regulation.

_DeadFred_

The founder of this company is actively shutting down government databases, not looking to add more.

Edit: And definitely don't suggest adding a government SQL database or you will trigger him. The government doesn't use SQL.

javcasas

We don't want to be political here.

So, what do we do first? Propose a political solution.

We all know how this is going to end, there have been more than enough cyberpunk videogames and novels for us all to read.

some_random

Sure but that's a much more solvable problem!

sussmannbaka

The same disabled people whose hard earned rights are on the chopping block right now in the name of anti wokeness? I’ll say, taking away their ability to participate in society first, then selling it back to the richest of them is an ingenious business approach.

andsoitis

> taking away their ability to participate in society first, then selling it back to the richest of them is an ingenious business approach.

That's not what is happening here. These tools (Neuralink and others) enable people who are disabled to participate more in society.

Llamamoe

These tools need to be paid for. By people whose welfare is currently being taken away by the same man who owns NeuraLink.

sussmannbaka

Yes, this is the selling back part. The taking away is currently happening in the White House and at the Broccoli aisle.

Juliate

For one, they enable, yes. So there's a market to create here.

But. It also doesn't take a lot of imagination to see what other beneficial uses they promise to bear, as a general device. Imagine having a computer plugged-in permanently in your brain. Both in reading (and reacting by providing a stimulus, whatever it is, however you may do so directly or indirectly), and perhaps even, some day, in writing.

When you see what you can achieve with an individual, customised touch-screen computer in the pocket, something that didn't even exist a quarter of a century ago. The potential. The horizon. How would you not invest in that vision if you had the money for it?

What a striking coincidence that the man behind this project has now access to the resources of a huge country, which administration happens to deport "illegal" immigrants here and there, without due judiciary process (that is, publicly documented), in territories outside of judiciary overview (like Guantanamo).

The same guy who felt brazen enough to make twice a nazi salute in front of televisions.

Far fetched scenario? Yes, obviously. Improbable? Also yes. Impossible? No.

croes

But it won’t help get them a job because DEI is bad.

the_optimist

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TheMiddleMan

Not everyone has the precise same definition of hate, and you know what they ^ mean.

Elon used to be all about truly advancing society, now he only seems interested in gaining wealth and power.

vermilingua

Elon used to appear to be all about truly advancing society; his motivations haven't changed, his PR strategy has.

walrus01

At this point it would be much less effort to make a short list of the unquestionably good things he has done or is well known for, rather than attempting to list all of the despicable things he is recently associated with.

concordDance

I'm quite curious if someone has gone to the effort of making a full list of all the things fommonly thought of as pros and cons and made it available somewhere... would be interesting.

cubefox

[flagged]

soVeryTired

[flagged]

the_optimist

He said he did not.

hagbard_c

[flagged]

the_optimist

[flagged]

losvedir

I think people who (still) support him don't think it was a sieg heil, and just chalk it up as an awkward gesture.

Personally, I can't imagine why he would throw one, so a priori it seems like an unlikely gesture, though I admit it's strange what he does in the video I saw.

The most awkward part of it is the beginning of the gesture where he clutches his chest like he's having a heart attack. I've tried searching for what a sieg heil actually looks like and had a hard time finding videos on YouTube, but I don't think grabbing the chest is part of it, right? Can someone clarify what the gesture really is? The couple I saw from Hitler were just a swift raising of the hand from the waist.