Banning TikTok Is Unconstitutional. The Supreme Court Must Step In
145 comments
·January 15, 2025ccvannorman
Salgat
The forced divestment is for national security reasons. Bytedance, as a Chinese company, is required by law (Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China) to provide full data access to the Chinese government on request, and they are compelled not to reveal when this occurs. Since this is done through legitimate channels (on Bytedance's side), this won't even be caught with an audit. So you have a situation where an app installed on half of America's phones shares all its data with China, along with any potential changes the government recommends for influencing the content.
voisin
Meta was selling data to Chinese groups and buried a report stating this until recently. This has nothing to do with national defence and everything to do with ensuring American companies control the narrative without competition.
cscurmudgeon
“selling” data is not in the same bucket for risk as CCP using TikTok for propaganda.
TiredOfLife
> Meta was selling data to Chinese groups
Source?
WheatMillington
>The forced divestment is for national security reasons.
Would you like to buy a bridge?
jimnotgym
Meta & co are required by US law to do the same for people in the rest of the world. Didn't see a huge US outcry about that, in fact I saw a lot of hate for things like GDPR
louky
The hate for the GDPR I read of is actually about the "allow cookie" popups that aren't needed at all are are just a form of protest by those individual sites because they are storing and selling personal information including IP addresses.
If you aren't engaged in those practices then there's no need for any GDPR annoyances for users.
I may misunderstand, I'm in America currently.
_bin_
I think the easier framework is this: China has banned her citizens from using most United States-based social networks. This prevents American companies from accruing profit from Chinese citizens and advertisers, and shrinks their potential pool of user data for refining algorithms or selling. As such, it's effectively a trade policy for us to in turn ban her social networks. Unless and until we are equally able to harvest Chinese data and suck yen out of China, she will not be allowed to harvest American data and suck dollars out of here.
thehappypm
While this is a fair take, it's not what the law has in mind.
bitshiftfaced
China is classified as a foreign adversary, so this goes beyond trade policy. Foreign adversaries show a pattern of conduct that threaten national security. People are not comfortable with foreign adversaries having a direct line to our youth's attention and having their finger on the dial.
_bin_
i agree wholeheartedly. i provided this as an additional set of reasoning for people who are either America-haters or doves.
cherry_tree
It’s overly simplistic. It doesn’t take into account the ideals the USA was founded on (including free speech as an inalienable right), nor does it take into account the large shift in US government policy.
henryfjordan
[flagged]
_bin_
i'm not sure how much, if any, game theory you've studied, but an always-cooperate strategy rarely works in repeated, cooperative games.
mingus88
That’s asinine. Every nation responds to things such as tariffs with a proportional response.
We have plenty of evidence that the U.S. has been harmed with our open approach to unfettered access to our electronic systems. Meanwhile our geopolitical adversaries have no qualms about fire walling their citizens from accessing foreign networks at all.
This is a clear case where the U.S. should treat them as they treat us. IMO any 1st amendment arguments are made in bad faith because there are no shortages of non-hostile channels for Americans to speak freely and openly.
Does anyone else remember “free speech zones” from the Iraq War era? Where was this argument then?
computerdork
Well, it does offer an avenue for inacting some form of ban. And not so sure it's all that morally low.
Because what China's ban of US social media might say is that China recognizes social-media's power to influence the populace (think Russia's use of Twitter and FB in the 2016 election). Yeah, am actually in favor of some form of restrictions, because we as a country need to realize that social media is a tool that can be used against us.
Yeah, if it was an outside country owning a major US newspaper, it'd be more clearcut.
thehappypm
> If China sold candies that contained poison and marketed them to Us children, it would be easy, since the FDA prohibits this.
The FDA was created by an act of Congress, as was this ban. These are identical scenarios -- the FDA has a mandate to block certain things, as does the TikTok ban. What's being debated is the constitutionality of it; and there are arguments both ways, but it seems very likely that the ban will hold.
jimnotgym
I do have children in that age range and see US social media damaging them. Would HN be OK with European governments banning Meta, X, Discord etc?
mcphage
> Would HN be OK with European governments banning Meta, X, Discord etc?
I'm a bit surprised it hasn't happened yet, although those companies are also willing to adjust policies in foreign nations—for instance, Meta saying it won't eliminate fact checking outside of the US.
ccvannorman
A very naive and hopeful part of me would wish for Facebook, Twitter, and other vapidness-enhancing platforms be regulated too. But the untrusting, freedom loving red-blooded American in me is also wary of government controls and power consolidation bordering on censorship. No easy answers I suppose; we'll just have to find a way to thrive in spite of platforms that profit from our wasted time.
amarcheschi
Hey, one platform is Chinese, the others are American. That's the difference you're looking for
blandcoffee
I appreciate a response like this on HN.
IF there is a problem, let's solve the root issue (which may include looking at the algo feeds of all big tech, etc).
croes
> felt China was intentionally nudging them via algorithmic suggestions away from STEM and toward vapidness
A ban based on a feeling?
2OEH8eoCRo0
I think the US social media mega corps are kindred spirits and if TikTok is considered harmful/propaganda then so are the US products. The subject draws an uncomfortable amount of heat.
kelseyfrog
The authors Ashley Gorski and Patrick Toomey seem to think that the rule of law and advocating for consistent ruling on constitutionality will have an effect.
If I’ve learned anything about how the Supreme Court works, it’s that this is a political calculation, not a legal one. The outcomes are decided first, and then jurisprudence is employed to substantiate them — not the other way around.
philips
I share your cynicism. Do you see any way out?
I feel the same way about the supreme court justices today as I do about Senators for lightly populated states: people operating with little oversight and with little to no accountability to the people who they hold power over. The bigger problem with the Supreme Court is that, largely, the political calculus is mostly cemented for life of the justice.
The only way out I see for the Supreme Court is a Congress and President who are focused on fixing the issue. But, it still feels general awareness of the Supreme Court issues are still to low and not universally felt- maybe in another 2-4 years.
The cynic in me wishes the Democrat appointed judges would start openly taking such large and egregious bribes too to make judicial term limits a bipartisan issue.
kelseyfrog
I fundamentally see this as a consequence of the original sin of Senate. Article I, Section 3, Clause 1 and Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 work together to make the Supreme Court a reflection of state values rather than popular values. Any time the two drift apart - due to changing popular opinion, migration, etc, the difference is reflected in political tension. There's no viable escape hatch for popular grievances against the supreme court (impeachment is non-viable again, because the Senate structure) which puts us in a precarious situation.
I don't see a viable way forward since amendments also follow a state structure given Article Five.
otterley
> The only way out I see for the Supreme Court is a Congress and President who are focused on fixing the issue.
This is absolutely true. Not so much about the President, who has no legislative authority, but Congress, to be sure.
Congress seems to have abdicated its duty to ensure legislation is clear and consistent and evolves with the times. Many of the SCOTUS opinions I've read--perhaps a majority--get mired in trying to read the tea leaves about Congressional intent, or are frustrated because the parties are using the Court to solve problems that Congress could and should have solved.
archagon
There needs to be critical mass for protest and disruption. Palpable anger out on the streets. Unfortunately, we don’t have that right now.
thinkingtoilet
>The outcomes are decided first, and then jurisprudence is employed to substantiate them — not the other way around.
I think this is the thing people don't get. Right or left, Democrat or Republican, it just doesn't matter anymore. You have nine of the best legal minds in the country, supposedly, and they constantly vote along party lines. There is no way that happens if the law is actually being respected.
_bin_
This is just not true. If you examine recent terms, many cases are decided unanimously and others have judges voting across the aisle. Roberts has been incredibly cautious to avoid this happening and has managed the docket specifically to avoid it. The majority on Bostock, where Gorsuch wrote the opinion, is a pretty good example of this. A ton of rulings have been very narrowly tailored specifically to avoid setting precedent, favoring standing or juridsiction more than a tough interpretation of con law.
You might appreciate Roberts' '24 year-end report on the federal judiciary: https://www.supremecourt.gov/publicinfo/year-end/2024year-en...
emmelaich
Can you give a recent (last 20 years) example of a Supreme Court political not legal decision?
FWIW, I think the Supreme Court will not uphold the ban. But TBH I don't know the details of the 'ban'.
llamaimperative
The decision to ban Colorado from making its own decisions for its own election with regard to what "engaged in insurrection" means and therefore disqualifies someone from their own state's ballots.
Purely political. The law says clearly that states run their own elections and it says clearly that insurrection is disqualifying. Would've been politically inconvenient though (for either side of the spectrum, and especially inconvenient for one side).
ApolloFortyNine
That's actually one of the ones that shows how the supreme court isn't always party lines. That was an 9-0 opinion to block Colorado from stopping Trump from running for office there.
Also the constitution clearly gives the federal government the ability to conduct federal elections, not states, and that's exactly what they called out in their brief.
emmelaich
OK I'll have a read of "23-719 Trump v. Anderson (03/04/2024)"
qingcharles
All courts are, sadly, political because judges are human.
Barrin92
It highly depends on the design of the judicial system. As individual people obviously everyone has political opinions, but you can shield the judicial system from being politized. Systems like in Israel where judges or judicial committees have a major say in appointment of judges removes a lot of politics from the equation.
That's how the Prussian/German bureaucracy was designed too. Lifetime civil service and merit based selection basically means the bureaucracy manages itself removed from the political process. The US system is extremely personalized with elections and appointments so it's uniquely nepotistic in a lot of ways.
qingcharles
I'd definitely love to learn about better designed justice systems. A lot of the systems in the USA work to an extent, but there are better solutions. The fed judges often speak about how the 50-state system in the USA should allow experiments in different areas of law and allow the best ones to win, but it doesn't work as effectively as it should.
femiagbabiaka
I mean there's an irony inherent in the way the Supreme Court works in the modern American era: judicial review is not present anywhere in the Constitution, and yet the Supreme Court uses it to uphold or strike down law according to the Constitution. It's inherently a broken branch of government and it was a mistake for the Democrats to base the last 50-70 years of social progress on leveraging it.
psunavy03
This is patently false. Marbury vs. Madison based the principle of judicial review on English common law inherited at the founding.
Just because you say something with enough conviction does not make it true.
femiagbabiaka
> Marbury vs. Madison based the principle of judicial review on English common law inherited at the founding.
I wasn't aware that the Constitution, the document, was English common law. Again, judicial review as a power of the court is not defined within the body of the Constitution. If it is, quote it please, I'll be happy to acquiesce.
Oh wait.. https://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/educational-re....
> Just because you say something with enough conviction does not make it true.
Indeed.
breadwinner
TikTok is NOT being banned. TikTok can continue unmodified if it transfers ownership to anyone outside China.
otterley
The ACLU is staffed with extremely competent First Amendment attorneys and yet they seem to be intentionally muddying the water about this. As a 1A scholar (and ACLU supporter) myself, I find it extremely frustrating.
tines
I'm not so sure the ACLU is staffed with competent First Amendment attorneys any more. I've read a few articles citing Ira Glasser as being disappointed in the direction the modern ACLU is moving.
0xB31B1B
ACLU has dropped in quality significantly in the past 10 years IMO and this seems par for course for them since 2016.
commandlinefan
Ok, but I think that's as unconstitutional as a ban, by the same logic. But I'm not a lawyer.
Salgat
How so? Generally speaking, foreign entities do not have the same constitutional guarantees as domestic with regard to laws concerning national security. Mind you, if this was a domestically owned platform, they would have a very strong case.
otterley
Even for domestic companies, we've used consent decrees to force them to divest businesses (Standard Oil, AT&T, etc.) after they've been held in violation of antitrust law.
paxys
That's pointless misdirection.
"I'll burn down your house unless you sell it to me for $1"
See, that's not arson, because you always had a way out.
otterley
This is a terrible analogy:
1/Selling something doesn't destroy it
2/You don't want to destroy it because you want to fetch a high price for it
3/Nobody's offering $1 for TikTok, and nobody expects ByteDance to accept $1 for it
4/A fair market price would make ByteDance whole
paxys
Change it to $100 or $1M or $1B, it doesn't matter. If you don't want to sell your house you have the right to not sell it.
Hizonner
You think forced rushed sales don't depress market prices?
teqsun
But they're not asking ByteDance to just divest a portion for US operations, are they? It's successful in many countries, so it seems kind of radical to force them to sell everything just to continue operating in one country.
Ateoto
What happens if they refuse to transfer ownership?
CubsFan1060
Sounds like they are preparing to shut down in the US.
I don't think there's any reason they can't continue as a web app. I think American companies are barred from doing business with them.
https://gizmodo.com/tiktok-will-reportedly-shut-down-its-app...
oidar
Like a Russian oligarch?
paxys
Social media platforms hosted in the USA are voluntarily bending to the President's will.
Social media platforms hosted outside the USA are going to be banned, because national security.
People may not realize or acknowledge it, but we are in the very last days of "free speech" on the internet.
aprilthird2021
Unfortunately people are cheering it on :/
slowmovintarget
All of these posts keep talking about banning TikTok... The law doesn't ban TikTok. It bans its continued operation in the U.S. under the ownership of a foreign adversary.
The law:
> It shall be unlawful for an entity to distribute, maintain, or update (or enable the distribution, maintenance, or updating of ) a foreign adversary controlled application by carrying out, within the land or maritime borders of the United States, any of the following: ...
In order to take this seriously as speech infringement, you'd have to define software as speech. Precedent holds that the expressive part (source code) is speech, but that the functional part that operates is not speech. This law bans the software function.
belorn
Banning citizens from using the app seems unconstitutional, but is preventing the the company ByteDance to operate inside the US unconstitutional? Those two seems like two completely different questions even if the outcome is similar.
From a EU perspective, regulating what companies do is not in conflict at all with human rights. The privilege to operate a company, provide advertisement, sell products and services, to use the local economy, all that is regulated. It should also be mentioned that companies generally tend to receive some benefits that individual persons do not, especially when it comes to taxes, risk taking, and debt. Companies can own and operate things which private person can't. The distinction between the rights, responsibilities and privileges that a private person has compared to a commercial company are fairly major.
Why is the ACLU talking like TikTok is a US citizen which free speech rights are being infringed?
teqsun
Really? From my reading of it, it seems to focus how such a ban would inhibit the speech of US citizens who use the application, not TikTok as an entity.
belorn
Regulation that dictate how a company may operate will naturally inhibit the consumers if the regulations is so heavy that the company will no longer exist. That doesn't mean such regulation is impossible.
The ban does not say that US citizens are not allowed to use the application (or apply speech). The method of the ban is similar to those blocking torrent sites, as in blocking them on an ISP level.
ISP already operating a fairly large block lists, both in the US and EU, blocking everything from pirate sites, scam sites, and more serious criminal ventures. The legal frame work generally do not talk about users (outside of deep packet inspection territory). They simply get applied more like industry regulation. It should be noted that the 1965 case has not prevented ISP block lists, and I would assume that the long list of pirate cases where ISP has objected to block lists in the last 30+ years has thoroughly tested the 1965 case. We can also look at the very recent net neutrality situation, where ISP has very much been defined as something very different from the postal service.
As a minor aspect being said in articles describing the ban, the ban would not prevent users from accessing the app if its already installed. As an ISP block it would break the functionality of the app, and new users would only get a spinning bar when trying to download it, but citizens would not be legally bound by the ban. That is mostly semantics but there is a legal distinction.
klabb3
This is the best point I’ve read about this. I don’t think TikTok should be seen as a facilitator of free speech, because it has no obligations to allow it. It’s a private enterprise with their own community guidelines censorship, but most importantly they control the ”algorithm”. No matter how much these platforms claim to be town squares, they are absolutely not and thus serve no essential speech function. If they did, content would not require installing spyware to see. (In my opinion secret mandatory engagement algorithms don’t deserve even section 230 protections).
On the other hand, it doesn’t sit right with me that ”China scary” is enough to outright block whoever is successful in the surveillance capitalist game invented in the US. It screams of political hit job for hire by the tech oligarchs. It’s like banning Taco Bell for health reasons and leaving McDonalds alone. If the modern US was not a plutocracy, this would have been an opportunity for legislators to do real harm reduction and steer predatory mega-corps in a better direction.
DarkKnightKing
Huawei and several other companies have faced this. Several American companies face this in China. Its not unprecedented. Are you suggesting its unconstitutional because freedom of expression is being curbed? Thats not true, those creators have other platforms to post their content.
teqsun
To quote directly from the linked article:
"The law’s supporters have, at times, minimized the ban’s impact on the First Amendment, citing the mistaken belief that TikTok users can simply move to another platform. From a constitutional perspective, this is nonsense. The government can’t justify shutting down The Washington Post because readers can simply buy The New York Times instead."
stewardyunn
AppStore should have had some review mechanisms from the beginning. When an app reaches a certain scale, it should be required to ensure that its data centers are supervised by government technical personnel and accessible to the government. This approach is similar to China's, because data is valuable—it can feed algorithms, making them more powerful and making the "candy" for kids even more addictive. The platforms where data resides can also do many things; just look at what Elon did on X regarding the election. Otherwise, it's like shooting oneself in the foot. By the way, I found a ridiculous website https://www.tiktok-alternatives.com/ Zack is just too funny.
henryfjordan
From the ACLU amicus brief (linked in the article)
> Although the D.C. Circuit ostensibly applied strict scrutiny in upholding the ban, it subjected the government’s assertions to little genuine scrutiny in the end
Does the author understand checks-and-balances? The DC Circuit found that Congress did a lot to try to investigate and come to an agreement with Bytedance that would resolve their concerns. After all that, it's Congress' power to decide what to do, not the courts. They are not just allowed to second-guess congress. They can only look at the "how" of the law, the "why" is largely non-justiciable. And if the goal is to stop CCP speech, through the TikTok algo, then there's really nothing to do other than ban TikTok.
Personally I think the ban is xenophobic and we should instead regulate ALL of these apps (X, Meta...) but it is legal
iteratethis
I think the times have changed. The Great Powers of the world are becoming more hostile to each other yet we continue to operate the naive way. We play by the rules but our rivals have no rules. This makes us weak, exploitable and ineffective.
As such, I support the ban, for the sake of doing something. I admit it's not ideal but we live in a messy and tense world. User's speech isn't really taken away, just use another dopamine feed. Better yet: use none.
You'll find it's in particular activists protesting this move.
disambiguation
I wonder how long until public discourse is willing to acknowledge that social media is not just a fun little way to stay in touch with old friends, but a straight up tool of surveillance and influence. For those that agree, do you think governments should do nothing? For those not convinced, what more evidence do you need?
chrismcb
Baking tik tok isn't a first amendment issue. As much of an advocate for free speech and the first amendment, I think Congress has the right to regulate trade and prevent a foreign company from doing business on American soil.
If I had children aged 7-17 and felt China was intentionally nudging them via algorithmic suggestions away from STEM and toward vapidness, and if I was unable to control their access to it, I guess I might appreciate that my government had banned it. But, as others have mentioned, it sets a dangerous precedent. If nothing else, this attempted ban has raised national awareness about the negative impacts of TikTok. What could the US Federal Government do instead, assuming it is important to consider such platforms as per their effects on the population?
If China sold candies that contained poison and marketed them to Us children, it would be easy, since the FDA prohibits this. If the FDA didn't exist, perhaps poisoned candy sales would prompt the creation of such a regulatory body.
So I guess I oppose the ban while recognizing the danger, and suggest we consider regulating digital goods in the same manner as consumable foods; if provable harmful effects are evident then that is grounds for a ban of a product on the basis of health protection.