Skip to content(if available)orjump to list(if available)

California is torn between clashing Anglo traditions?

dang

All: diffs are what's interesting on HN, not generics. The diff with this article is the historical analysis, so please let's focus on that and avoid generic culturewar fodder, which leads hellward.

https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&so...

Edit: you guys have done a fantastic job and this thread is so much better than it could have been. Thanks!

skissane

I understand the phenomena the article is talking about – being authoritarian about some things while hands-off about other (possibly much more major) things – but I'm sceptical that the proposed historical explanation is correct.

Here's my own take: the recent history of the West in general, and the US more particularly, has been a conflict between two competing worldviews – one relatively "traditional", the other calling itself "progressive". And go back to the 1960s, the competition between the two worldviews seemed relatively coherent – the "traditionalists" controlled most of the power structures in society, the "progressives" were (by and large) an anti-authoritarian rebellion against those structures. But, 50-60 years later, now the "progressives" (and their heirs) have come to dominate large sections of those same power structures, and they've swapped their prior (relatively consistent) anti-authoritarianism for an inconsistent mixture of authoritarianism about some things and anti-authoritarianism about others.

You can see the same thing in other Western countries – even if not to quite the same degree – who have rather different ethnic histories. That's part of why I'm sceptical that appeals to the history of different Anglo subethnicities really works as an explanation.

jltsiren

When I moved to California some years ago, I also found the default combination of political positions weird. The best half-serious description I could come up with was that California is a country of conservative libertarian social democratic hippies. Those words don't make sense together, but neither does California. At least to someone from the left/green end of the European political spectrum.

I don't know if I buy the explanation in the article, but at least it's an explanation for the weirdness.

alephnerd

The article is fairly off and overindexes Anglo-Saxon influence in a state where the largest influences tended to be Hispanics, working class central/southern/eaatern European settlers, Okies during the Dust Bowl, Asians of all walks of life, and post-WW2 immigration globally.

California is just "California", and an "Anglo-Saxon" tradition or lens just doesn't track back west - be it California, Texas, Washington, etc.

Just think about it - Kearny Street is named after a racist Irish immigrant. Levi and Haas were the most prominent businessmen in that era and were German Jews. Gold was found in Sutter Fort - a hacienda owned by a Swiss German. Much of the settlement in Central California was farmers from Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Asia, Armenia, etc. Chinatowns and Japantowns dotted much of California, and Filipino, Chinese, and Japanese fishermen were overrepresented.

wahern

Anglo-Saxon in the sense of the article is principally referring to a political and cultural tradition that can be traced back to a certain place and time, the original dynamics of which continue to reverberate and resonate. Its association with any distinct ancestral ethnicities (i.e. something like "race") is in an important sense merely coincidental. Contemporary liberal politics is strongly essentialist in its discourse, so much so that people are starting to forget that such terms like Anglo-Saxon have alternative, more nuanced meanings (albeit not exclusively--there's also a race-essentialist history, to be sure). The essence of identity politics is to fuse and fix, e.g., ethnicity and culture. It's why the American left assumed for decades that the growing demographics of minority groups with strong Democratic affinities would naturally result in ever growing Democratic majorities. The notion that, e.g., Latinos would begin to adopt "white" social and political viewpoints with different historical roots was incomprehensible.

I think it's difficult to dispute that the principal political and social structures of the US, including California, are primarily derivative of the Anglo-Saxon model and its various facets, both in its core structures (e.g. how its democratic institutions function, economic life is organized, etc) but also in its relationship with oppositional groups (e.g. the Irish experience that continued to unfold in North America, and which also shaped how new groups assimilated into oppositional positions). This is most obvious in the context of our legal systems, but you can see it in both national and local political and social structures. Germans, Jews, Native Americans (to the extent they chose to engage), and everybody else assimilated into this system. They shaped it, to be sure, but the essential outlines remain distinctly identifiable as derivative of the Anglo-Saxon conquest of the British Isles going back to before William the Conquerer (most periods of which also involved clashes of culture and synthesis of foreign and domestic!). Could you persuasively argue that California politics is more like Mexican politics than it is the politics of other so-called Anglo-Saxon systems like the U.K., Ireland, Canada, Australia, or even South Africa? Also, don't forget that in most ways Californian politics is indistinguishable from that of Washington and Oregon, neither of which have strong Spanish or Mexican legacies that have persisted into the present day.

That said, I think the author overstates the explanatory power of Anglo-Saxon cultural heritage. It's impossible to understand contemporary American politics without understanding the contribution of mid 20th century French deconstructionists, or early 20th century Jewish intellectual immigrants, on both the left and right. Or even that of the American experience--when it comes to the prevalence of endemic societal violence, for example, North and South America altogether stand out distinctly from the rest of the world, for a multitude of reasons rooted in shared historical phenomena (e.g. slavery, frontier ethos, etc), few of which relate back in a distinctive, useful way to the particular history of the British Isles. Likewise, many countries, including Mexico, also saw similar French and Eastern European Jewish influences. And at this point there's an argument to made that it's more productive to set a new fixed point rooted in 19th and 20th century Western modernity, and US cultural hegemony that filters disparate influences as they take hold elsewhere in the world.

skissane

> Could you persuasively argue that California politics is more like Mexican politics than it is the politics of other so-called Anglo-Saxon systems like the U.K., Ireland, Canada, Australia, or even South Africa?

Calling Ireland in particular “Anglo-Saxon” instead of “Anglo-Celtic” is especially jarring to my ears.

Canada has Quebec, and also Francophone minorities in other provinces.

South Africa was heavily influenced by the Dutch/Afrikaners. And since the end of British rule, the South African system has discarded a lot of its British heritage-much of that was driven by its Afrikaner-dominated apartheid era ruling party.

I think in terms of law, culture, politics, governance, there has been a lot of divergent evolution between the US and most of the rest of the Anglosphere, which calling it “Anglo-Saxon” ignores. “Anglo-American” may be the better term.

> North and South America altogether stand out distinctly from the rest of the world, for a multitude of reasons rooted in shared historical phenomena (e.g. slavery, frontier ethos, etc),

Slavery has had a long history in most parts of the world. Millions of African slaves were also sent to the Middle East, and there was also a lot of intra-African slavery and slave trading. Slavery also used to be a very big thing in Europe, but it largely disappeared in the Middle Ages (primarily, it appears, for economic reasons as opposed to moral ones)

Other parts of the world have a similar “frontier ethos” to the Americas, for example Australia, Siberia, white South Africans

fmajid

Also, what became the US has been around for half a millennium, that’s plenty of time to develop its own culture.

murrayb

Further to your point the Scots and Irish aren't even Anglo-Saxon. You could make the argument for calling them Anglo-Celtic now but not so much at the time of the settlement of the US.

skissane

> Further to your point the Scots and Irish aren't even Anglo-Saxon.

Both are a mixture of Anglo-Saxon and Celtic influences.

In Scotland, the Celtic ancestry is stronger among Highlanders, the Anglo-Saxon stronger among Lowlanders – but neither are purely descended from one as opposed to the other.

The English conquered Ireland in the 12th century, which was followed by successive waves of Anglo immigration down the centuries. Many of the earlier waves of Anglo settlers ended up assimilating into a Celtic identity (summarised by the famous quip that they became "more Irish than the Irish themselves"), some of the more recent waves less so (which is one of the causes of the still only partially resolved conflict in Northern Ireland).

> You could make the argument for calling them Anglo-Celtic now but not so much at the time of the settlement of the US.

I find it interesting (as an Australian) that in Australia the term "Anglo-Celtic" is preferred much more than in the US. I think that's because, while both countries have been significantly influenced by Irish Catholics, proportionately the influence was more significant in Australia's case.

0xDEAFBEAD

Yeah but from a policy perspective, which specific influences do you see from those groups on California politics?

Even if Anglo-Saxons are now a minority, as a founding population they can exert disproportionate influence. New immigrants want to fit in to their new home, so they adopt majority views, thereby reinforcing those majority views for subsequent immigrant waves.

alephnerd

> Even if Anglo-Saxons are now a minority

They were never a majority in California.

Take a look at census data as well as reading basic California history.

The largest ethnic groups in California have always been Hispanics and Germans.

Albion's Seed is a good book, but Fischer's analysis was limited to Appalachia, New England, the Delaware Valley, and Virginia. He did mean for it try to be a generalized explanation for the entire US.

Furthermore, if you look at the history of legislation in the West and Midwest, it's also fairly distinct in comparison to the East Coast.

Abolitionism, trade unions, Humboldtian ideal, women's suffrage, etc all had extremely strong support across much of the West and Midwest, and this itself was due to post-1849 immigration from Central Europe following the failed revolutions of 1849.

Just think about it in general - almost everything that you think is "American" is actually German. Hot dogs, Hamburgers, Budweiser, Chrysler, Rockefeller, Disney, the New York Times, Christmas Trees, Lutheran congregations, Mennonite congregations, etc.

no_time

>New immigrants want to fit in to their new home

Post 2015 Europe would like to have a word with that.

pj_mukh

"I don't know if I buy the explanation in the article"

Yea I don't know if the writer has ever talked to a progressive activist. Drug enforcement isn't poo-poo'd out of some Libertarian ideal (let alone a Scottish one). It's poo-poo'd because it's seen as an ineffective fix for addiction. This is largely true, but the activists forgot that a lack of drug enforcement can ruin city centers.

Reform should start in our incarceration system not in crime enforcement but I digress.

vlovich123

City centers are being ruined even with places with stricter drug enforcement. I’m not entirely convinced the two are linked. If anything cost of housing and wealth of an area are better predictors.

seanmcdirmid

Untrue. You don’t see these kinds of problems in Singapore, Tokyo, or even Bangkok, where drug enforcement is pretty strict. Likewise, if you don’t want people to poop on the sidewalk, make that a law and then strictly enforce it. It does work, it’s just that Americans are not very committed to the enforcement aspect, even in tough on crime red states (at least compared to Asia).

kmeisthax

Activists don't get listened to, they get clipped. They prescribe some set of policies X, Y, and Z; someone in power hears Y and likes it, and ignores the rest.

In the case of drug enforcement, the idea was to decriminalize and destigmatize drugs so that persons addicted to them could seek treatment and rehabilitation. Problem is, that also requires public money be spent on rehabilitation programs. It's cheaper for the state to just get people high and let them die.

Same thing with "defund the police", which had an implicit "and use the money to fund mental health programs" at the end of it, along with prescriptions to fund deescalation training for whatever cops we still needed. All the Twitter activists heard this, they chanted "defund the police" as if everyone else had too, but that memo didn't reach the desk of any of the mayors who actually tried these programs. To make matters worse, a lot of city police departments took this literally, deliberately, to discredit anti-police activism. So the cops effectively punished the city for speaking out against them.

The underlying problem is that communicating these problems in a way that's succinct enough to resist malicious interpretation, without it coming off as a way to dodge the blame for your own problems, is very difficult. You are not entitled to make others think or speak the way you do. Concepts you invent will be reinterpreted however people like unless you drown them in so much French that only your own apparatchiks can understand them[0]. In other words, these are shibboleths - terms that exist solely for an in-group to identify themselves to one another.

Here's the thing: this is great for MEGO[1] and terrible activism. When Louis Rossmann wants to point out how companies are retroactively changing the deal, he doesn't say it's wrong to do that, he says the CEOs have a "rapist mentality". When Cory Doctorow wants to talk about how Internet platforms get worse and worse, he talks about "enshittification[2]". These coinages work because they leverage the listener's existing understanding of those concepts. Semantic drift works to their advantage: someone misusing "enshittification" to refer to, say, inflation, rather than the gradual demise of Internet platforms, is continuing the analogy.

[0] More generally, habitual insistence on the use of one's idiolect - especially one crafted to motte-and-bailey your unsavory opinions - is a sign of an abusive personality. Yes, that's a dig at RMS.

[1] "My Eyes Glaze Over", aka "disguising heinous shit behind boring language"

[2] Enshittification is a particularly funny one, because it's exactly the sort of fancy French word you'd expect, but with a nice Anglo-Saxon swear word in it.

bko

> Problem is, that also requires public money be spent on rehabilitation programs. It's cheaper for the state to just get people high and let them die.

This is just not true:

>> Subsidies for drug treatment are by far the fastest-growing major component of federal spending on drug abuse. Advanced by many policy makers as the key to curbing drug use, federal expenditures for drug treatment have risen by 341 percent since 1986 -- 20 percent faster than the total drug budget, 30 percent faster than spending for drug law enforcement and 700 percent faster than overall federal spending. This year, the federal government will spend more than $1.1 billion on treatment. (These figures exclude spending for drug treatment by the Department of Veterans Affairs. Owing in part to the extraordinary success of drug testing and other drug prevention programs in the military, spending has grown much more slowly in the VA than the overall rate of government spending.) And Drug Czar Bob Martinez is calling for more spending on education and treatment

Like most things, you can't just throw money at it and expect it to magically get better. There are a ton of resources out there but there needs to be willingness on the participant. Since there's no stigma attached to public drug use and normalization of being an addict, there's even less pressure for people to get treatment so the money is pretty much wasted on every growing bureaucracy and the administrative class

https://www.heritage.org/budget-and-spending/report/the-case...

pj_mukh

“ the idea was to decriminalize and destigmatize drugs so that persons addicted to them could seek treatment and rehabilitation”

I take your point about the capacity never having built but the activists also have to admit that the “seeking” also never happened and we simply haven’t solved that problem (how do you solve addiction for someone who doesn’t want it solved? You can’t)

But we should, now, save our cities.

zachrose

Applying Albion’s Seed to California misses out on Spanish missionary culture and the shipping merchants who came from New York City, which does not have the same puritan roots as New England.

American Nations is a more recent book that describes more of the United States, though with less depth.

defrost

The absence of Spanish culture is boggling - it's delibrately avoided ..

     A third were born in California, 

    and about an equal number were born in states populated by what the writer Colin Woodard calls “Greater Appalachia”.

    And so the ideology of California came to be shaped by two very different migrant cultures
Clearly there's a third missing (assuming numbers correct, etc).

0xDEAFBEAD

What specific Spanish influence do you see on California politics?

defrost

There's a slew of essays and history entries that begin along the lines of:

    The modern state of California was considered part of the Spanish empire for nearly 300 years. The Spanish colonial period had a profound effect on the cultural, religious, and economic development of the state.
The article cited for this thread makes much of Anglo churches in California but makes no mention of, say, the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel and other churches that shaped the region (FWiW I'm not religious but as one aware of history Spainish Catholicism had at least as much impact in the region as any other variety)

The Spanish Empire shaped the foundations of land ownership, mineral rights, and water access in the region.

There are shelves of books on the subject - I'm not even in or from the Americas, I'm hardly the person to ask.

The point stands, it's a lousy essay that ignores some substantial American history, likely because it's not "USofA" history.

reissbaker

In general I think as a majority-minority state, applying a primarily UK-focused take on California misses a lot. The largest group in CA is Hispanic-Latino (40% of the population), and that's a group with neither Puritanical nor Scots-Irish background ideology. And 15% of the state is Asian-American... A very small percentage of CA descends from either Puritans/WASPs or Scots-Irish!

0xDEAFBEAD

An underrated aspect of California, I suspect, is that California's "political class" is not all that representative of the state at large. For example, I seem to recall that Prop 16 was endorsed by numerous major figures, and opposed by none, yet it lost by a large margin in the general election.

If you look at the Latinos and Asians who are politically involved in California, I would predict that they are far from typical, and they're much more likely to be assimilated into the state's progressive political traditions.

zachrose

My read of Albion’s Seed and American Nations is that they’re more about how a regional culture was germinated and founded, under the idea that the culture (including legal and economic systems) is even more durable than a specific group. So it’s not exactly connected to current demographics.

reissbaker

Fair enough, although the Hispanic Latinos also predate the Scots-Irish and WASPs in California, so they've got to have at least some impact...

TinkersW

That is todays numbers.. obviously the article is taking a historical view.. not that I necessary agree with it.

null

[deleted]

jaco6

The chaos of California is not the outcome of some mysterious Yankee vs Scots-Irish cultural battle. It’s simply the weather. Bums and drug addicts from all over the country descend upon California because they can comfortably sleep rough and sit around outside all day because it’s not humid, extreme temperatures are rare, and much of the year is rainless. That’s it. Sometimes people look too deeply for answers to social phenomena when geography is the answer.

By the way, geography also explains the culture of the Scots-Irish. This area was the natural limit of Rome’s ability to settle because it was the beginning of open moors that were much harder to control by central authority, so they gave up and built Hadrian’s and Antonine’s walls. It makes sense that once the state finally became strong enough to assert a hold over these areas (shortly after the development of the printing press), they fled to Ireland and then America to continue to enjoy their anarchic lifestyle.

thegrim33

Well there's more to it than that, as the weather has remained the same over time, yet the problems they currently have, have not always been there.

jaco6

What makes you say that? California had a problem with attracting homeless drifters as far back as the Dust Bowl of the 1930s. Why did all those homeless former farmers from Oklahoma and Arkansas trek all the way to California? Why not stop in, oh, say, Arizona, or scamper on down to cozy South Texas?

alephnerd

An article about California's political culture but only mentions Hispanics only once and doesn't mention Oakies or Asians at all.

Methinks it might not be the most representative of California's political history.

California is just California, and trying to apply an "Anglo" lens is dumb and ahistorical.

VoodooJuJu

In order to truly understand this article, it helps to have read Albion's Seed.

It's true that Spanish influence isn't taken into account enough in this article, but the article is still pretty sound in the importance it puts on Puritan and Borderer (Scots-Irish) cultural influence, as these are the two foremost cultural forces at odds with one another to this day, not just in California, but across the United States. The Okies in this case would be Borderers.

And again, although we see other non-Anglo cultural forces, immigrants typically align and integrate more or less with either the Puritan or the Borderer ethos.

Gimpei

I haven’t read Albion’s seed, so maybe I’m missing something. But… I don’t see any evidence for anything in the piece. Just because you can make a narrative about the similarities between puritans and certain facets of California policy doesn’t mean that one caused the other. I could point out parallels between the puritans and Japanese culture too, or Venezuelan culture. This doesn’t seem like history to me so much as fiction writing.

VoodooJuJu

Right, this article doesn't make a case tracing Puritan and Borderer settlement to modern day California, but the book Albion's Seed does, and it makes a very convincing case.

The book examines a variety of folkways, naming conventions, and lineages in the cultural regions throughout old England, discovers those same things present in regions throughout America, and then follows the continued expression of those folkways and lineages all the way up to the present day.

And although we can find similarities between Puritans or Borderers with other cultures around the world, we can't make a convincing case that, for example, the Japanese had a significant influence on American culture and politics, because again, the primary sources revealing the folkways examined in Albion's seed are quite distinct and can be accurately traced from old England, to American settlement, and again up to the present day. Puritan architecture, food, naming conventions, and ancestry is quite distinct and well-understood, and we see evidence of those things throughout the United states, whereas there's not much Japanese architecture, food, place-names, or influential dynasties here in America.

Anyway, Albion's Seed is a very good book that I highly recommend reading.

alephnerd

> The Okies in this case would be Borderers.

Okies were not uniformly Scotch Irish - it was a generic term for internal migrants from North Texas and Southern Oklahoma which was very ethnically diverse with German, Czech, Russian, and Southern settlers along with Native Americans and Hispanics.

082349872349872

The immigrants, in this case, were all the anglos who showed up after the original hispanic settlement, and filibustered their way into Statehood.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Republic

alephnerd

Also, Anglo (as in Anglo-Saxon) settlers aren't even that prominent demographically in California.

Irish (eg. Kearny), German (eg. Haas, Levi, Sutter), Southern Italians, Russian, and Chinese settlers were much more prominent than Anglos during the frontier era along with the obviously large Hispanic population in a region that has been under Spanish rule longer than it has been under American rule.

blast

Agreed about the others but wouldn't the Okies be part of the Scots-Irish strain he covers?

alephnerd

Not really. Much of Texas and Oklahoma was/is a cultural mixture of southern settlers, Central Europeans, Eastern Europeans, Hispanics, and Native Americans that turned into it's own culture.

There's a reason why bock bier (eg. Shiner Bock), dryland farming (a Russian German thing), frybread (from the Bureau of Indian Affairs era), Cowboy culture (a merger of older Hispanic Ranchero culture with southern settler culture), etc became a thing in Texas and Oklahoma

082349872349872

There is to this day a Californio-derived "vaquero culture" in CA which considers TX-style "buckaroo" cowboys (who dally their lariats, have cow savvy pintos, etc.) to be a cheap knock-off.

(and to your point about italians: I'm not sure but suspect the use of snubbing posts in round pens came via swamp italians. Also, don't forget the portuguese: not as prominent as on HI, but still pretty common, eg Devin Nunes)

cameldrv

It's an interesting article, and there might be some truth to it. The western US is a more newly settled place, and so it's different.

Morally though, how does one justify that dealing meth on the corner is OK but putting your banana peel in the trash bin is wrong? I think it comes down to the idea that some people are accountable and others aren't. If someone commits a major crime, obviously there must be something wrong with their brain. It's a medical problem. If they commit a minor crime though, they're just selfish and prioritizing their own convenience.

AuryGlenz

I think you’re close but not quite there. There’s a significant part of the population that think we’re all born the same - the old blank slate theory. Therefore, everything good or bad that you do ultimately comes from external forces. If you’re dealing meth it’s because you had a single mother household and then the government had the audacity to put you in juvie for committing arson and now here you are. Or perhaps it’s something more broad like systemic racism. Littering is harder to come up with a nice story to justify.

Anyways, that type of thinking is a lot more common with liberals than anyone else - which makes sense. If you’re against racism,sexism, etc. to the extreme you basically need to believe we’re all exactly the same, apart from external circumstance. At its extreme they’re the same type of people that don’t believe that men have an advantage in most sports, for instance.

ZeroGravitas

The book Erewhon has an interesting subplot about how in that magical place the criminals are treated as if they are sick and the sick are treated like they are criminals.

I found it interesting in thinking about how much I attribute blame to individuals or their circumstances.

nitwit005

> The West Coast species is the cowboy version: more rebellious, less civilised, and also completely incoherent.

I doubt there is a place where politics are coherent. The author just got raised in some other variation of political insanity, and thinks it's normal.

muglug

The article feels like it's grasping at tenuous historical straws trying to explain a mental health crisis in SF that's only really gotten out of hand in the past 5-10 years.

The anti-puritan strain isn't necessarily Scots-Irish, either. It's common in anyone who's had to suffer under puritanism.

lazide

Only the last 5-10 years? Have you even heard of the 60-70’s?

Hell, it was so notorious all the Dirty Harry movies were centered there (either that or NYC, which was similarly going crazy).

nullc

[flagged]

jquery

>In California, college students are required by law to obtain repeated, vocal permission from their partners for a sexual encounter to be deemed not rape. But pimps can openly sex traffic minors on city streets in broad daylight, and the police can do little about it. All of these disparate approaches to perceived social problems are regarded as “progressive”.

What’s the historical analysis I’m supposed to take with this, dang? This is classic conservative framing, all the way to throwing progressive in scare quotes. Nothing other than generic culture war fodder can be gleaned from this unless you already agree with these absurd premises…

patrick451

There is a book called American Nations written about a decade ago that tried to explain the different cultures in America through the nationalities of their early settlers. This article seems like an application of that book to specific policy oddities in California.

It's an interesting idea, but in both the book and this article, the connections are spurious. For example, it's a good soundbite that one can draw a through line from the Scots-Irish individualism to the libertarianism of California, but little real evidence of this actually provided.

jimberlage

The European cultures of Spanish/French were equally early (and earlier) to California. The author touches on them but dismisses them a bit.

I get the sense that this analysis is just based on the author’s knowledge of English cultures of the period? I think Spanish/French culture had influence too, it’s just that the author didn’t do enough research on them to be able to include them in their model.