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The Right to Repair Is Law in Washington State

walterbell

https://www.ifixit.com/News/110039/double-trouble-for-repair...

  Come January 1, 2026, manufacturers must also stop using parts pairing to block repairs for these devices. That means no more pop-ups that say “unknown part” when you swap in a working screen. No more downgrading your camera or fingerprint sensor just because you repaired your own phone. 

  SB 5680 goes even further for wheelchair users. It covers power wheelchairs, manual wheelchairs, power-assist devices, and mobility scooters. Manufacturers will have to provide not only parts and tools, but also firmware and embedded software, the stuff that’s often used to digitally lock out independent fixes.

dmonitor

Hopefully this doesn't mean the system can't report a non-OEM part being installed at all. Buying a used product that's been hacked apart would be frustrating.

onli

There is no such restriction in the law. The relevant section reads like this, section 3:

> an original manufacturer may not use parts pairing to: ... Cause a digital electronic product to display misleading alerts or warnings about unidentified parts, which the owner cannot immediately dismiss.

So of course there can still be a notice, it just has to be dismissable. But Apple (the main company using part pairing against customers right now) has to stop making their products unusable when non-OEM parts are used for a repair.

Side note: Be aware that baseless concerns like this echo propaganda against Right to Repair. You might have been infected by some Apple follower talking points there.

tialaramex

> Side note: Be aware that baseless concerns like this echo propaganda against Right to Repair

Yup. When somebody insists you need "genuine OEM parts" insist in response that they specify what exactly it is you're getting. Most often "genuine" means the Chinese factory put these in a box that the OEM sold to you for $40 whereas the "not genuine" ones were from the same factory but they were $20, that's just worse value, not a superior product.

Once they tell you what the actual difference is - if there even is one - you can judge whether it's worth it. Your cable is 800Mbps and the cheap one is only 40Mbps? I want a charging cable, I don't move data over it, don't care. Your part is guaranteed for 3 years and the cheap one isn't? Now I'm interested, I never had one last more than 2 years so either you're buying me a replacement when that happens again or yours lasts longer, both are good outcomes.

zaphar

Also be aware that the in the case of a TPM and fingerprint sensor there are some very important security guarantees that a part must make in order to preserve the security of the system. So it is not in fact scare mongering to try to get this right in the law and commenting about the difficulty of getting this right is not being infected by Apple follower talking points.

null

[deleted]

tbrownaw

> Side note: Be aware that baseless concerns like this echo propaganda against Right to Repair. You might have been infected by some Apple follower talking points there.

"How dare you be anything less than blindly enthusiastic about this obviously good thing, you've clearly been tricked by someone evil."

rconti

Sorry, I can't parse the multiple negatives of "hopefully this doesn't mean they can't.." followed by "there's no such restriction".

I legitimately share the parent's concern. In a related matter, insurance companies are allowed to force me to accept non-OEM parts when my car is repaired. It sucks that someone can crash into me, and force me into taking sub-standard parts.

Loughla

So there's nothing stopping them from having that pop up every single time you turn your phone screen on?

amazingamazing

> That means no more pop-ups that say “unknown part” when you swap in a working screen. No more downgrading your camera or fingerprint sensor just because you repaired your own phone.

I'm curious if that means that it's now illegal for the company to tell you if you have a device with fake parts.

I also don't quite understand the security implications. If you need some attested part, like a TPM, and this and some other thing like a fingerprint sensor fail and you replace them both, you cannot disable the fingerprint sensor since now technically it cannot attest itself?

miki123211

Presumably, you can have the TPM tie fingerprint data to the sensor.

If you replace the sensor with a "fake" one, old fingerprint data becomes invalid. This would be good enough for users, as adding their fingerprints back would take them minutes at most, while providing no value for attackers.

grishka

Why not allow pairing the fingerprint sensor with the SoC fully offline?

msgodel

Nice! That had gotten extremely ridiculous to the point where I've been actively avoiding new consumer products just because maintaining them is such a hassle.

jasonthorsness

Here is the bill for consumer electronics: https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary/?BillNumber=1483&Year=202...

Text as passed (for pasting into LLM :)): https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2025-26/Pdf/Bills/Ho...

I wondered what it would mean for small manufacturers and they are not exempt however o3 believes "in practice, your duty is limited to providing whatever service manuals, firmware-pairing utilities, and spare parts you already possess (or have made for warranty work) and making them available at cost, digitally for free."

EDIT: as people below have posted, o3's "at cost" is misleading, the text actually says "at costs that are fair to both parties"

ZeWaka

Very interesting, there's a carveout for video game consoles:

> Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to require any original manufacturer or authorized repair provider to make available any parts, tools, or documentation required for the diagnosis, maintenance, or repair of a video game console and its components and peripherals.

Wonder if Valve/Xbox/Nintendo asked for that, this being Washington State.

ender341341

Given the support valve provides for the steam deck I'd be surprised if it was them. They seem much more interested in having a viable alternative to keep Microsoft from walling windows in such a way to kill steam than caring that they make the actual devices.

I would 100% percent expect both Microsoft & Nintendo to have had a hand in that though.

dml2135

This is a result of there being a general consensus that video game consoles are "a thing" that we are all used to, and that the loosely-coupled movements of right-to-repair and antitrust are not seeking to disrupt the video game industry for fear of distracting from their larger goals.

It's an uneasy balance and it will be interesting to see where it goes once the dust settles on the current antitrust actions against big tech. I can't really think of a good reason why the iPhone should be a generalized computing device that is pryed open from Apple's clutches, while Nintendo, for example, can still run their own app store and would not be required to allow things like sideloading and root access while a smartphone manufacturer would. What makes one a computer, and the other an appliance?

(I'm saying this all as a right-to-repair and antitrust advocate, by the way)

I think a lot of this is a result of nostalgia, and a recognition that the business model of the video game industry has depended on this sort of control for a significantly longer than the personal computing industry. So no one really wants to kill Nintendo like they don't want to kill Mickey Mouse. Or, more cynically, no one really wants Nintendo and other video game behemoths to step into this fight on the other side, because going after Big Tech is hard enough as it is.

tadfisher

Valve already provides parts and documentation for the Steam Deck through a partnership with iFixit.

sokoloff

Why would anyone believe that spare parts would need to be provided at cost? I’m a proponent of right to repair, but that would be an absurd over-step (and be a strong force to ensure that no spare parts are available to anyone).

rafram

The bill actually says “at costs that are fair to both parties,” not “at cost” as in losing money. You’re arguing over what ChatGPT imagined the bill said (and GP posted without verification), not what it actually said.

abeppu

IDK about "at cost" but shouldn't _some_ price regulation of spare parts be included? With no limits, any manufacturer might say "The price for any spare part is the cost of the original item + a significant additional fee, because our process will be to pull a complete new unit from the warehouse, and have someone disassemble it and send you the one part."

glitchc

Actually this is probably the best way to ensure that price gouging does not happen. The fixed and NRE costs are already included in the price of the original device. Charging those again for replacements would be double-dipping. And the law still leaves it up to OEMs to decide how to cost the replacement, so there's some wiggle room there. This is an intelligently crafted bill.

bilekas

To play devils advocate here, maybe the idea is that if the part is not eligible for third party sales by way of patents etc, then the manufacturer should not be allowed to simply charge more for a replacement part that that of a newer model?

That's the only kind of example I can think of.

rafram

Pretty much all of that o3 output is wrong. You could at least check its work before posting.

Aloisius

Getting parts at cost?

So I could find some manufacturer using a part I want and order it at their cost rather than having to go to a retailer?

Is there anything that allows a manufacturer to require you send in the broken part after or any limit to how many times something can be "repaired"? Because I'd like to purchase a very large number of NVIDIA GPUs at cost.

guywithahat

The phone part sounds great, the wheel chair portion sounds like it will just make wheel chairs more expensive. Wheelchairs are generally already highly repairable, and this will just reduce the options to consumers

Loughla

High end wheelchairs are the opposite of repairable. A friend of mine has to use one because of his disability. It was the only model that met his particular needs for his disability, and was around 14k when he bought it.

He can't even change the battery pack without sending it back to the company. The horn shorted out, and if we had disabled it (he can't even use it), it would've voided the entire warranty. Fuck, one of the wheel spoke things cracked and we couldn't even put a new wheel on it, because they only sell the wheels as part of the lower chassis to the tune of 5k.

It's obscenely expensive to have a disability in the US, and these companies take advantage of people who just want to have basic mobility. It's really disgusting.

sokoloff

> if we had disabled it (he can't even use it), it would've voided the entire warranty.

The Magnuson-Moss Act pretty surely falsifies that claim by the manufacturer.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnuson%E2%80%93Moss_Warran...

miki123211

It'll just make many good wheelchairs unavailable in WA, forcing consumers to buy out of state, import from a foreign company that doesn't care about state laws, or go with a worse product.

Since these are presumably financed by the government, the first two options may not even be available to most.

1970-01-01

The full bill is here:

https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2025-26/Pdf/Bills/Ho...

It's only 12 pages and is easy to understand.

sheiyei

I hope "easy to understand" doesn't translate into "has loopholes" this time.

rkagerer

Axis locks out certain useful features in their IP cameras unless you install an Axis-branded SD card.

Since Axis doesn't actually manufacture SD cards, they are obviously rebranded high-endurance cards from one of the major fabs (possibly with some minor firmware parameter tweaks). Except, they cost twice as much and aren't as generally available.

Would this law have any bearing on that business practice?

tialaramex

Interesting. I know at work we use a lot of Axis cameras, but I don't know if we use those features (which ones?) or whether we bought their SD cards.

rkagerer

Without the Axis-branded SD card, they axe or deteriorate access to the cameras from mobile devices.

Namely, you cannot add the camera to a site for access from Camera Station Edge. This applies to both the desktop and mobile flavors of the software.

On the desktop version of Edge, there's a little-known hack you can make to a config file to override the behavior. But this means you need to drag a computer to the physical site for the initial provisioning.

There is no such override available on the mobile app.

(Also depending exactly how you provision, the Storage, Motion Detection and Continuous Recording toggles will be disabled when viewing the device in Edge).

It's a weird place to gatekeep, and reeks of pure sales / marketing driven impetus.

net01

isn't this a copied and pasted version of the one in Texas that Louis Rossmann talked about in his video ( https://youtu.be/C_ohgeWKcOY ) ?

With the same loophole, i.e., selling assembly parts meaning screen with hinge and camera etc(expensive). instead of just the display(cheap).

Apparently, there is one slight variation > https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44182235

wetpaws

[dead]

0xbadcafebee

> a soldier struggling with a broken generator

Are there generators you can't fix right now? I assumed most of them are pretty basic designs, an ICE with either an inverter or non-inverter generator. You can look up how to tear them down and repair them step by step on YouTube (including commercial units)

zootboy

Commercial Tier 4F diesels of the John Deere variety have latching fault codes when they relate to the aftertreatment system. It requires the manufacturer's proprietary scan tool (which they will not sell to you) to clear the code, even if the actual issue was something as simple as a connector left unplugged for too long.

balls187

Requiring proprietary dongles/software to clear fault codes are not uncommon, but I'm surprised there hasn't been enough interest for there to be a 3rd party tool.

Like McDonald's Shake Machines had a 3rd party tool to help diagnose issues.

bfdm

There is interest, but thanks to DMCA 1201 they put a thin veneer of encryption on it and suddenly it's a felony to make/use that third party tool.

crooked-v

The McDonald's stuff in particular is a red herring. Their requirements are contract requirements, put in place after too many franchisees tarnished their name with listeria outbreaks.

lenerdenator

Idk about the commercial units, but my portable inverter generator has a bunch of schmoo (highly technical industry term) that covers the entire electronics board. If a component on that board fried, I'm not able to repair it without replacing the whole board.

The rest is fairly simple ICE like you say.

FuriouslyAdrift

Conformal coating? That used to be the norm way back in the day for all kinds of electronics. Kind of a dick move, now, unless there is an environmental reason.

alnwlsn

Normal on anything that has to work outside. Also, hardly an impediment to repair. I've done it myself on a car ECU: open case, scrape off conformal coating, desolder blown IGBT, replace with IGBT salvaged from junkyard unit, spray on new conformal coating, done - been working like that now for 5 years.

Parts pairing is also a/the reason you can't just swap in the junkyard unit even though it came from a car with the same engine. We tried it - did not work.

Potting within a brick of epoxy is the real dick move, but also not impossible to repair either.

83

Probably epoxy potted, an order of magnitude more difficult to repair. Either way a coating is probably called for in the places a generator will be used so you probably wouldn't want to skip it just for repairability.

tadfisher

Typically a generator is used outdoors, so it makes sense to protect the PCB and other electronics from conditions experienced there. I wouldn't know what those conditions are, being on Hacker News and all.

kyleblarson

I just had a new 48kw generator installed on my property and it was a nightmare with Generac. It's apparently a new model and it took them 4 tries to get the right controller sent to the tech to get it up and running.

kyleblarson

Coincidentally I am in Washington State.

octoberfranklin

Large generators are fuel-injected, which requires a microcontroller with software.

In the 1990s that software was write-once, non-upgradeable, and bug-free because it was trivial. But it hasn't been that way for a long time. "Fuel injection requires software" turned into an exploit vector for feature creep.

technothrasher

To be needlessly pedantic, fuel injection does require a micro. I only say this because I deal with classic Bosch K-Jet systems often.

paddy_m

Detroit diesel two strokes were entirely mechanical. As were cummins engines like b5.9 with a bosch p-pump. In fact all diesel engines have fuel injection, and they were all mechanical up to the 80s/90s.

mikestew

I assume you meant to say does not require a microcontroller, given that Bosch K is a mechanical FI system.

0xbadcafebee

Yeah but you can just get a Megasquirt DIY kit and make your own ECU for most EFI engines (from 1 to 16 cylinders). To the other person's comment about the generator circuitry: most generators are pretty simple mechanically, you can make a new circuit to control the output.

I'm guessing the rationale of the law is to prevent needing a repair company to exist & reinvent the electrical components of every single product in existence.

CrimsonCape

It appears that the Washington bill excluded power tools whereas the Texas bill did not, which means that in Texas I should be able to swap dead lithium cells out of my expensive power tool batteries.

bityard

I fully support right-to-repair but do you need a law to repair batteries?

You can buy a battery build kit for M18 tools (for example) on AliExpress that comes with everything but the cells.

I'm a bit of a tool nerd and I'm not aware of any power tools that are doing DRM in their tools to prevent usage of third-party batteries but I don't mind being wrong so I know which brands to avoid.

senbrow

To those who want to do this: make sure to swap out all cells in a battery at once to be safe, ideally using new cells that are all from the same manufacturer and same production run.

Mixing old cells with new can lead to a runaway thermal event in the worst case (i.e. unstoppable cancer-causing fire).

FuriouslyAdrift

We've been using these at work and they are great!

https://ceenr.com/

bityard

Very interesting. Maybe I can afford Milwaukee tools now! Their tools are good, and sold bare, for semi-reasonable prices but their batteries are eye-wateringly expensive.

(I should probably pick one of these up before Torque Test Channel does a video on them and they end up getting sold out for a year.)

Edit: I'm referring to the PDNation universal battery + brand-specific adapter in particular.

dylan604

Just took a look here, and I didn't see anything over 20V offered. I'm in the market for 40V versions for some of my gear.

I also have Gold mount and V-mount type batteries that I'd love to have the cells replaced. If you think power tool batteries are expensive, take a look at film/video batteries!

null

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drdaeman

I wonder if the scope of "diagnosis, maintenance, or repair of digital electronic products" is extensive enough to be usable for requesting protocol documentation for purposes of integrating products with systems from different vendors (such as DIY). Plenty of IoT stuff has proprietary "hubs" or "cloud services" (that frequently pose reliability, privacy and security problems), and I'm really curious if this law could be used to repair this design defect.

pnw

While this is overall good progress, this bill was watered down by WA politicians after meeting with their corporate donors. Someone already mentioned the video game console exemption, there were a number of other changes, detailed here: https://ethicalhour.com/ethicalbusiness/microsofts-bold-move...

avodonosov

Does it include the right to decompile and modify any software?

lenerdenator

Honestly, given the current administration and Congress, I could see this being the focus of a federal lobbying effort to "reduce burdensome state regulations that limit consumer choice, kill jobs, and increase prices".

Yhippa

Does this mean I can go to Washington to tune my Audi S5 that protects the TCU with encryption?

buildsjets

034 Motorsport can't help you with that?

froggertoaster

Companies like John Deere have way overplayed their hand, and I'm glad to see the regulatory winds are changing.

sleepybrett

This law does not apply to tractors or game consoles. It's neutered as all fuck.

From the article:

Of course, these wins come with carve-outs. HB 1483 exempts:

    Video game consoles
    Medical devices
    Motor vehicles
    Agricultural and construction equipment
    Security systems and alarm equipment
    Internet and TV equipment from ISPs
    Off-road recreational vehicles
    Large-scale energy storage and solar gear
    Low earth orbit broadband gear (until 2044)

dghlsakjg

By 2026 my dishwasher is going to have a forced update to run Doom in an effort to be classified as a video game console, isn’t it?

EndsOfnversion

I think you’ll find “Hurt me plenty” is sufficient for all but the toughest baked on food stains.

ourmandave

It will be a patched Doom that doesn't let you upgrade or fix your armor.

1970-01-01

If Samsung gets Doom to do LAN multiplayer with the coffee machine and the refrigerator, then they all deserve the title of video game console.

sidewndr46

Anything connected to the internet ought to be a "Security system" and should therefore be exempt as well

20after4

I don't know if the assholes behind these restrictions are clever enough to think of that loophole. Thanks for giving them the idea!

thrance

No need for that much effort, just have a horde of lawyers convince lawmakers that dishwashers are actually medical devices, that help relieve wrist pain from doing the dishes. A bit of brib- lobbying might help the lawmakers understand if the arguments aren't enough.

abnercoimbre

Everything you listed is what the typical Washington resident will WANT to repair. How is this law even worth celebrating? And how did these companies obtain these exemptions?

sleepybrett

.. just like every other carve out exception. Bribes.

peterjmag

Not sure if the link was changed by the mods or something, but just a heads up that your quote's from the iFixit article [1], not the EFF one [2]

[1] https://www.ifixit.com/News/110039/double-trouble-for-repair...

[2] https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2025/06/right-repair-law-washi...

connicpu

"Low earth orbit broadband gear" is incredibly specific lol, I believe there's exactly 2 companies with large offices in Washington that would apply to.

alpb

Doesn't that include all home Starlink devices?

usui

Why do right-to-repair bills always have these kinds of exclusions? These are pretty important categories.

tomwheeler

Lobbyists

sidewndr46

So it carves out most of the stuff I could reasonably expect to be covered under this? The only thing I can see covered would be cell phones and DVD players

Reubachi

hilariously, this states right to repair law does not include road going or ag vehicles. Ya know, the impotus for this now hijacked initiative.

"tell me the state of washington protects failing US auto manufacturers and shade tree mechanics without saying it".

But hey, at least now I can rest assured knowing that korean smartphones are now going to be a little cheaper to repair in wshington.

mschuster91

Road vehicles should already be covered by existing right-to-repair rights, are they not? Otherwise, how would independent repair shops still exist?

CobrastanJorji

...but those are most of the things I want to repair. Did the check from HP not clear?