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Curl: We still have not seen a valid security report done with AI help

danielvf

I handle reports for a one million dollar bug bounty program.

AI spam is bad. We've also never had a valid report from an by an LLM (that we could tell).

People using them will take any being told why a bug report is not valid, questions, or asks for clarification and run them back through the same confused LLM. The second pass through generates even deeper nonsense.

It's making even responding with anything but "closed as spam" not worth the time.

I believe that one day there will be great code examining security tools. But people believe in their hearts that that day is today, and that they are riding the backs of fire breathing hack dragons. It's the people that concern me. They cannot tell the difference between truth and garbage.

VladVladikoff

This sounds more like an influx of scammers than security researchers leaning too hard on AI tools. The main problem is the bounty structure. And I don’t think these influx of low quality reports will go away, or even get any less aggressive as long as there is money to attract the scammers. Perhaps these bug bounty programs need to develop an automatic pass/fail tester of all submitted bug code, to ensure the reporter really found a bug, before the report is submitted to the vendor.

unsnap_biceps

For those of you who don't want to click into linked in, https://hackerone.com/reports/3125832 is the latest example of a invalid curl report

harrisi

This is interesting because they've apparently made a couple thousand dollars reporting things to other companies. Is it just a case of a broken clock being right twice a day? Seems like a terrible use of everyone's time and money. I find it hard to believe a random person on the internet using ChatGPT is worth $1000.

billyoneal

There are places that will pay bounties on even very flimsy reports to avoid the press / perception that they aren't responding to researchers. But that's only going to remain as long as a very small number of people are doing this.

It's easy for reputational damage to exceed $1'000, but if 1000 people do this...

bluGill

$1000 is cheap... The real question is when will companies become wise to this scam?

Most companies make you fill in expense reports for every trivial purchase. It would be cheaper to just let employees take the cash - and most employees are honest enough. However the dishonest employee isn't why they do expense reports (there are other ways to catch dishonest employees). There used to be a scam where someone would just send a bill for "services" and those got paid often enough until companies realized the costs and started making everyone do the expense reports so they could track the little expenses.

nneonneo

Good god did they hallucinate the segmentation fault and the resulting GDB trace too? Given that the diffs don’t even apply and the functions don’t even exist, I guess the answer is yes - in which case, this is truly a new low for AI slop bug reports.

terom

The git commit hashes in the diff are interesting: 1a2b3c4..d4e5f6a

I think my wetware pattern-matching brain spots a pattern there.

bluGill

An real report would have a GDB trace that looks like that, so it isn't hard to create such a trace. Many of us could create a real looking GDB trace just as well by hand - it would be tedious, boring, and pointless but we could.

bogwog

If I wanted to slip a vulnerability into a major open source project with a lot of eyes on it, using AI to DDOS their vulnerability reports so they're less likely to find a real report from someone who caught me seems like an obvious (and easy) step.

Looking at one of the bogus reports, it doesn't even seem like a real person. Why do this if you're not trying to gain recognition?

jsheard

> Why do this if you're not trying to gain recognition?

They're doing it for money, a handful of their reports did result in payouts. Those reports aren't public though, so there's no way to know if they actually found real bugs or the reviewer rubber-stamped them without doing their due diligence.

vessenes

Reading the straw that broke the camel's back commit illustrates the problem really well: https://hackerone.com/reports/3125832 . This shit must be infuriating to dig through.

I wonder if reputation systems might work here - you could give anyone who id's with an AML/KYC provider some reputation, enough for two or three reports, let people earn reputation digging through zero rep submissions and give someone like 10,000 reputation for each accurate vulnerability found, and 100s for any accurate promoted vulnerabilities. This would let people interact anonymously if they want to edit, quickly if they found something important and are willing to AML/KYC, and privilege quality people.

Either way, AI is definitely changing economics of this stuff, in this case enshittifying first.

bflesch

there is a reputation system already. according to hackerone reputation system, it is a credible reporter. it's really bad

hedora

The vast majority of developers are 10-100x more likely to find a security hole in a random tool than spend time improving their reputation on a bug bounty site that pays < 10% their salary.

That makes it extremely hard to build a reputation system for a site like that. Almost all the accounts are going to be spam, and the highest quality accounts are going to freshly created and take ~ 1 action on the platform.

emushack

Reputation systems for this kind of thing sounds like rubbing some anti-itch cream on bullet wound. I feel like the problem seems to me to be behavior, not a technology issue.

Personally I can't imagine how miserable it would be for my hard-earned expertise to be relegated to sifting through SLOP where maybe 1 in hundreds or even thousands of inquiries is worth any time at all. But it also doesn't seem prudent to just ignore them.

I don't think better ML/AI technology or better information systems will make a significant difference on this issue. It's fundamentally about trust in people.

Analemma_

> I feel like the problem seems to me to be behavior, not a technology issue.

To be honest, this has been a grimly satisfying outcome of the AI slop debacle. For decades, the general stance of tech has been, “there is no such thing as a behavioral/social problem, we can always fix it with smarter technology”, and AI is taking that opinion and drowning it in a bathtub. You can’t fix AI slop with technology because anything you do to detect it will be incorporated into better models until they evade your tests.

We now have no choice but to acknowledge the social element of these problems, although considering what a shitshow all of Silicon Valley’s efforts at social technology have been up to now, I’m not optimistic this acknowledgement will actually lead anywhere good.

delusional

I consider myself a left leaning soyboy, but this could be the outcome of too "nice" of a discourse. I won't advocate for toxicity, but I am considering if we bolster the self-image of idiots when we refuse to call them idiots. Because you're right, this is fundamentally a people problem, specifically we need people to filter this themselves.

I don't know where the limit would go.

orthecreedence

Shame is a useful social tool. It can be overused or underused, but it's still a tool and people like this should be made to publicly answer for their obnoxious and destructive behavior.

squigz

I guess I'm confused by your position here.

> I feel like the problem seems to me to be behavior, not a technology issue.

Yes, it's a behavior issue, but that doesn't mean it can't be solved or at least minimized by technology, particularly as a technology is what's exacerbating the issue?

> It's fundamentally about trust in people.

Who is lacking trust in who here?

me_again

Vulnerability reports are interesting from a trust point of view, because each party has a different financial incentive. You can't 100% trust the vendor to accurately assess the severity of an issue - they have a lot riding on downplaying an issue in some cases. The person reporting the bug is also likely looking for bounty and reputational benefit, both of which are enhanced if the issue is considered high severity. So a user of the supposedly-vulnerable program can't blindly trust either party.

parliament32

Didn't even have to click through to the report in question to know it would be all hallucinations -- both the original patchfile and the segfault ("ngtcp2_http3_handle_priority_frame".. "There is no function named like this in current ngtcp2 or nghttp3.") I guess these guys don't bother to verify, they just blast out AI slop and hope one of them hits?

indigodaddy

Reminds me of when some LLM (might have been Deepseek) told me I could add wasm_mode=True in my FastHTML python code which would allow me to compile it to WebAssembly, when of course there is no such feature in FastHTML. This was even when I had provided it full llms-ctx.txt

alabastervlog

I had Google's in-search "AI" invent a command line switch that would have been very helpful... if it existed. Complete with usage caveats and warnings!

This was like two weeks ago. These things suck.

sidewndr46

Isn't there a website that builds git man pages this way? By just stringing together random concepts into sentences that seem vaguely like something Git would implement. I thought it was silly and potentially harmful the first time I saw it. Apparently, it may have just been ahead of the curve.

j_w

My favorite is when their in search "AI answer" hallucinates on the Golang standard lib. Always makes me happy to see.

pixl97

>"ngtcp2_http3_handle_priority_frame"

I wonder if you could use AI to classify the probability factor that something is AI bullshit and deprioritize it?

pacifika

AI red tape.

spiffyk

> I guess these guys don't bother to verify, they just blast out AI slop and hope one of them hits?

Yes. Unfortunately, some companies seem to pay out the bug bounty without even verifying that the report is actually valid. This can be seen on the "reporter"'s profile: https://hackerone.com/evilginx

soraminazuki

Considering that even the reporter responded to requests for clarification with yet another AI slop, they likely lack the technical background.

uludag

I can imagine that most LLMs, if you ask it to find a security vulnerability in a given piece of code, will make something up completely out of the air. I've (mistakenly) sent valid code with an unrelated error and to this day I get nonsense "fixes" for these errors.

This alignment problem between responding with what the user wants (e.g. a security report, flattering responses) and going against the user seems a major problem limiting the effectiveness of such systems.

rdtsc

> evilginx updated the severity from none to high

Well the reporter in the report that stated it that they are open for employment https://hackerone.com/reports/3125832 Anyone want to hire them? They can play with ChatGPT all day and spam random projects with the AI slop.

gorbachev

Growth hack: hire this person to find vulnerabilities in competitors' products.

jacksnipe

Something that really frustrates me about interacting with (some) people who use AI a lot is that they will often tell me things that start “I asked ChatGPT and it said…” stop it!!! If the chatbot taught you something and you understood it, explain it to me. If you didn’t understand or didn’t trust it, then keep it to yourself!

cogman10

I recently had this happen from a senior engineer. What's really frustrating is I TOLD them the issues and how to fix it. Instead of listening to what I told them, they plugged it into GPT and responded with "Oh, interesting this is what GPT says" (Which, spoiler, was similar but lacking from what I'd said).

Meaning, instead of listening to a real-life expert in the company telling them how to handle the problem they ignored my advice and instead dumped the garbage from GPT.

I really fear that a number of engineers are going to us GPT to avoid thinking. They view it as a shortcut to problem solve and it isn't.

jsight

I wonder if this is an indication that they didn't really understand what you said to begin with.

tharant

Is it possible that what happened was an impedance mismatch between you and the engineer such that they couldn’t grok what you told them but ChatGPT was able to describe it in a manner they could understand? Real-life experts (myself included, though I don’t claim to be an expert in much) sometimes have difficulty explaining domain-specific concepts to other folks; it’s not a flaw in anyone, folks just have different ways of assembling mental models.

kevmo314

Whenever someone has done that to me, it's clear they didn't read the ChatGPT output either and were sending it to me as some sort of "look someone else thinks you're wrong".

silversmith

I often do this - ask a LLM for an answer when I already have it from an expert. I do it to evaluate the ability of the LLM. Usually not in the presence of said expert tho.

colechristensen

If I had a dollar for every time I told someone how to fix something and they did something else...

Let's just say not listening to someone and then complaining that doing something else didn't work isn't exactly new.

colechristensen

>They view it as a shortcut to problem solve and it isn't

Oh but it is, used wisely.

One: it's a replacement for googling a problem and much faster. Instead of spending half an hour or half a day digging through bug reports, forum posts, and stack overflow for the solution to a problem. LLMs are a lot faster, occasionally correct, and very often at least rather close.

Two: it's a replacement for learning how to do something I don't want to learn how to do. Case Study: I have to create a decent-enough looking static error page for a website. I could do an awful job with my existing knowledge, I could spend half a day relearning and tweaking CSS, elements, etc. etc. or I could ask an LLM to do it and then tweak the results. Five minutes for "good enough" and it really is.

LLMs are not a replacement for real understanding, for digging into a codebase to really get to the core of a problem, or for becoming an expert in something, but in many cases I do not want to, and moreover it is a poor use of my time. Plenty of things are not my core competence or anywhere near the goals I'm trying to achieve. I just need a quick solution for a topic I'm not interested in.

ijidak

This exactly!

There are so many things that a human worker or coder has to do in a day and a lot of those things are non-core.

If someone is trying to be an expert on every minor task that comes across their desk, they were never doing it right.

An error page is a great example.

There is functionality that sets a company apart and then there are things that look the same across all products.

Error pages are not core IP.

At almost any company, I don't want my $200,000-300,000 a year developer mastering the HTML and CSS of an error page.

delusional

Those people weren't engineers to start with.

layer8

Software engineers rarely are.

I’m saying this tongue in cheek, but there’s some truth to it.

throwanem

You should ask yourself why this organization wants engineering advice from a chatbot more than from you.

I doubt the reason has to do with your qualities as an engineer, which must be basically sound. Otherwise why bother to launder the product of your judgment, as you described here someone doing?

evandrofisico

It is supremely annoying when i ask in a group if someone has experience with a tool or system and some idiot copies my question into some LLM and paste the answer. I can use the LLM just like anyone, if i'm asking for EXPERIENCE it is because I want the opinion of a human who actually had to deal with stuff like corner cases.

jsheard

If it's not worth writing, it's not worth reading.

ToValueFunfetti

There's a lot of documentation out there that I've found was left unwritten but that I would have loved to read

floren

Reminds me of something I wrote back in 2023: "If you wrote it with an LLM, it wasn't worth writing" https://jfloren.net/b/2023/11/1/0

pixl97

I mean, there is a lot of hand written crap to, so even that isn't a good rule.

ModernMech

It's the 2025 version of lmgtfy.

layer8

Nah, that’s different. Lmgtfy has nothing to do with experience, other than experience in googling. Lmgtfy applies to stuff that can expediently be googled.

jacksnipe

That’s exactly how I feel

soulofmischief

The whole point of paying a domain expert is so that you don't have to google shit all day.

Frost1x

I work in a corporate environment as I’m sure many others do. Many executives have it in their head that LLMs are this brand new efficiency gain they can pad profit margins with, so you should be using it for efficiency. There’s a lot of push for that, everywhere where I work.

I see email blasts suggesting I should be using it, I get peers saying I should be using it, I get management suggesting I should use it to cut costs… and there is some truth there but as usual, it depends.

I, like many others, can’t be asked to take on inefficiency in the name of efficiency ontop of currently most efficient ways to do my work. So I too say “ChatGPT said: …” because I dump lots of things into it now. Some things I can’t quickly verify, some things are off, and in general it can produce far more information than I have time to check. Saying “ChatGPT said…” is the current CYA caveat statement around the world of: use this thing but also take liability for it. No, if you practically mandate I use something, the liability falls on you or that thing. If it’s a quick verify I’ll integrate it into knowledge. A lot of things aren’t.

rippleanxiously

It just feels to me like a boss walking into a car mechanic's shop holding some random tool, walking up to a mechanic, and:

"Hey, whatcha doin?"

"Oh hi, yea, this car has a slight misfire on cyl 4, so I was just pulling one of the coilpacks to-"

"Yea alright, that's great. So hey! You _really_ need to use this tool. Trust me, it's gonna make your life so much easier"

"umm... that's a 3d printer. I don't really think-"

"Trust me! It's gonna 10x your work!"

...

I love the tech. It's the evangelists that don't seem to bother researching the tech beyond making an account and asking it to write a couple scripts that bug me. And then they proclaim it can replace a bunch of other stuff they don't/haven't ever bothered to research or understand.

yoyohello13

Seriously. Being able to look up stuff using AI is not unique. I can do that too.

This is kind of the same with any AI gen art. Like I can go generate a bunch of cool images with AI too, why should I give a shit about your random Midjourney output.

kristopolous

Comfyui workflows, fine-tuning models, keeping up with the latest arxiv papers, patching academic code to work with generative stacks, this stuff is grueling.

Here's an example https://files.meiobit.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/22l0nqm...

Being dismissive of AI art is like those people who dismiss electronic music because there's a drum machine.

Doing things well still requires an immense amount of skill and exhaustive amount of effort. It's wildly complicated

codr7

Makes even less sense when you put it like that, why not invest that effort into your own skills instead?

alwa

I mean… I have a fancy phone camera in my pocket too, but there are photographers who, with the same model of fancy phone camera, do things that awe and move me.

It took a solid hundred years to legitimate photography as an artistic medium, right? To the extent that the controversy still isn’t entirely dead?

Any cool images I ask AI for are going to involve a lot less patience and refinement than some of these things the kids are using AI to turn out…

For that matter, I’ve watched friends try to ask for factual information from LLMs and found myself screaming inwardly at how vague and counterproductive their style of questioning was. They can’t figure out why I get results I find useful while they get back a wall of hedging and waffling.

h4ck_th3_pl4n3t

How can you be so harsh on all the new kids with Senior Prompt Engineer in their job titles?

They have to prove to someone that they're worth their money. /s

hashmush

As much as I'm also annoyed by that phrase, is it really any different from:

- I had to Google it...

- According to a StackOverflow answer...

- Person X told me about this nice trick...

- etc.

Stating your sources should surely not be a bad thing, no?

mentalpiracy

It is not about stating a source, the bad thing is treating chatGPT as an authoritative source like it is a subject matter expert.

silversmith

But is "I asked chatgpt" assigning any authority to it? I use precisely that sentence as a shorthand for "I didn't know, looked it up in the most convenient way, and it sounded plausible enough to pass on".

kimixa

It's a "source" that cannot be reproduced or actually referenced in any way.

And all the other examples will have a chain of "upstream" references, data and discussion.

I suppose you can use those same phrases to reference things without that, random "summaries" without references or research, "expert opinion" from someone without any experience in that sector, opinion pieces from similarly reputation-less people etc. but I'd say they're equally worthless as references as "According to GPT...", and should be treated similarly.

stonemetal12

In general those point to the person's understanding being shallow. So far when someone says "GPT said..." it is a new low in understanding, and there is no more to the article they googled or second stackOverflow answer with a different take on it, it is the end of the conversation.

billyoneal

The complaint isn't about stating the source. The complaint is about asking for advice, then ignoring that advice. If one asks how to do something, get a reply, then reply to that reply 'but Google says', that's just as rude.

spiffyk

Well, it is not, but the three "sources" you mention are not worth much either, much like ChatGPT.

bloppe

SO at least has reputation scores and people vote on answers. An answer with 5000 upvotes, written by someone with high karma, is probably legit.

gruez

>but the three "sources" you mention are not worth much either, much like ChatGPT.

I don't think I've ever seen anyone lambasted for citing stackoverflow as a source. At best, they chastised for not reading the comments, but nowhere as much pushback as for LLMs.

dpoloncsak

...isn't that exactly why someone states that?

"Hey, I didn't study this, I found it on Google. Take it with a grain of caution, as it came from the internet" has been shortened to "I googled it and...", which is now evolving to "Hey, I asked chatGPT, and...."

rhizome

All three of those should be followed by "...and I checked it to see if it was a sufficient solution to X..." or words to that effect.

hx8

It depends on if they are just repeating things without understanding, or if they have understanding. My issue is that people that say "I asked gpt" is that they often do not have any understanding themselves.

Copy and pasting from ChatGPT has the same consequences as copying and pasting from StackOverflow, which is to say you're now on the hook supporting code in production that you don't understand.

tough

We cannot blame the tools for how they are used by those yielding them.

I can use ChatGPT to teach me and understand a topic or i can use it to give me an answer and not double check and just copy paste.

Just shows off how much you care about the topic at hand, no?

nraynaud

the first 2 bullet points give you an array of answers/comments helping you cross check (also I'm a freak, and even on SO, I generally click on the posted documentation links).

esafak

I had to deal with someone who tried to check in hallucinated code with the defense "I checked it with chatGPT!"

If you're just parroting what you read, what is it that you do here?!

qmr

I hope you dealt with them by firing them.

esafak

Yes, unfortunately. This was the last straw, not the first.

giantg2

Manage people?

tough

then what the fuck are they doing commiting code? leave that to the coders

__turbobrew__

I had someone at work lead me down a wild goose chase because claude told them to do something which was outright wrong to solve some performance issues they were having in their app. I helped them do this migration and it turned put that claude’s suggestions made performance worse! I know for sure the time wasted on this task was not debited from the so called company productivity stats that come from AI usage.

candiddevmike

This happens to me all the time at work. People have turned into frontends for LLM, even when it's their job to know the answer to these types of questions. We're talking technical leads.

Seems like if all you do is forward questions to LLMs, maybe you CAN be replaced by a LLM.

ianbutler

Counterpoint we have a CVE attributable to ours and I suspect the difference is my co-founder was an offensive kernel researcher so our system is tuned for this in a way your average...ambulance chaser is unable to do.

https://blog.bismuth.sh/blog/bismuth-found-the-atop-bug

https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31160

The amount of bad reports curl in particular has gotten is staggering and it's all from people who have no background just latching onto a tool that won't elevate them.

Edit: Also shoutout to one of our old professors Brendan Dolan-Gavitt who now works on offensive security agents who has a highly ranked vulnerability agent XBOW.

https://hackerone.com/xbow?type=user

So these tools are there and doing real work its just there are so many people looking for a quick buck that you really have to tease the noise from the bs.

pizzalife

I would try to find a better example than CVE-2025-31160. If you ask me, this kind of 'vulnerability' is CVE spam.

ianbutler

Except if you read the blog post we helped a very confused maintainer when they had this dropped on them with no explanation on hacker news except "oooh potential scary heap vuln"

molticrystal

There is or at various times was, nitter for twitter, Invidious for youtube, Imginn for instagram, and even many variations of ones for hackernews like hckrnews.com & ones that are lighter, work better in terminals, etc.

Anything for linkedin, a light interface that doesn't required logging in?

I pretty much stopped going to linkedin years ago because they started aggressively directing a person to login. I was shocked this post works without login. I don't know if that is how it has always been, or if that is a recent change, or what. It would be nice to have alternative interfaces.

In case some people are getting gated here is their post:

===

Daniel Stenberg curl CEO. Code Emitting Organism

That's it. I've had it. I'm putting my foot down on this craziness.

1. Every reporter submitting security reports on #Hackerone for #curl now needs to answer this question:

"Did you use an AI to find the problem or generate this submission?"

(and if they do select it, they can expect a stream of proof of actual intelligence follow-up questions)

2. We now ban every reporter INSTANTLY who submits reports we deem AI slop. A threshold has been reached. We are effectively being DDoSed. If we could, we would charge them for this waste of our time.

We still have not seen a single valid security report done with AI help.

---

This is the latest one that really pushed me over the limit: https://hackerone.com/reports/3125832

===

perching_aix

> Anything for linkedin, a light interface that doesn't required logging in?

I just opened the site with JS off on mobile. No issues.

meindnoch

The solution is simple. Before submitting a security report, the reporter must escrow $10 which is awarded to the reviewer if the submission turns out to be AI slop.

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