In the 1980s we downloaded games from the radio
149 comments
·March 28, 2025coreyh14444
mysterydip
Sometimes the typos were in the magazine itself, and you wouldn't figure out the problem with the code you triple-checked you typed in properly until the errata in next month's issue :)
kotor
My exact memory. When you did finally get everything correct, the program could take 15 minutes to load from the cassette tape. I remember upgrading my Commodore 64 with a floppy disk and loading programs in 2 minutes (which felt instantaneous by comparison).
ratg13
I never had a tape deck, and was constantly flustered by “press play on tape” messages.
jonwinstanley
The compiler/interpreter couldn’t even tell you what line the error was on!
You’d just get a big error message for the whole program.
aaronbaugher
After a while, magazines like Commodore Run and Compute started including a short program that would checksum each line as you entered it, so you could check that against a checksum in the magazine. Of course, you had to get that program typed in correctly first before you could use it to enter others.
ako
For the zx81 i think it was usually some encoded binary form, so no compiler/interpreter involved.
nonrandomstring
Also typeset in a non-fixed width font with long lines truncated to fit the copy layout!
ben7799
This is what I had to do. It was probably beneficial. I was pretty young.. 10-12? My dad is also an engineer and would help me debug the programs after I typed them in, teaching me BASIC as we went. I wasn't necessarily able to understand it all but it probably built me a foundation for programming no different than introducing children to a 2nd language earlier rather than later.
There were also books I checked out of the library. These sometimes presented additional difficulties as we didn't have a computer powerful enough to take advantage of everything in the book, or had a completely wrong environment.
I must have been weirdly motivated but in some way I think this was better than the way everything is spoonfed and easy for kids today if they want it? My son is not motivated the same way, it's just too easy to go over to a game or something else that's less challenging. Quite a few of my friends who also became software engineers/computer scientists had a very similar experience in the late 80s and early 90s.
section_me
The post man always bent our magazine and pushed it in the cat flap making the included disk useless (even though it was clearly marked "DO NOT BEND!"), so I remember having to type everything out and sometimes correct the typos introduced into the print version. Fun times.
ztetranz
Floppy disks DO NOT BEND!
Oh yes they do.
jandrese
At least the 5 1/4 disks did. 3 1/2 disks did not like it at all. As long as you didn't crease anything the 5 1/4s would usually still work. The data wasn't especially dense on those (if you could see magnetic fields the patches would have been large enough to be visible to the naked eye) so the could take some abuse. At least until the magnetic coating started flaking off.
cstuder
The german C64 magazine "64er" had an application which allowed "easy" entry of assembly applications by means of a hex encoding and used a checksum on each line to prevent bugs from typos. Still an incredible chore.
weinzierl
It was called "checksummer" which is a funny pun on check sum and "summer" which is the German word for buzzer. Oh, I should add that it made an annoying buzzer sound when you made a mistake.
PeterStuer
For Speccies the added debuff was typing over the poorly scanned rolls of lowrez thermal printed code. The Spectrum's ecosystem's thermal printer's output was barely legible straight of the press, let alone as a second generation copy.
colkassad
I did the same with an Atari 400 that had a cassette tape. I remember it would take 30 minutes or so to load/save games I copied from magazines. The keyboard was torture. I then moved on to very rudimentary text adventures of my own once I felt a bit comfortable with BASIC. I'm very glad my father bought that for me...he was a painter and we didn't have a lot of money then. It was extremely formative.
waltbosz
I remember my Dad read an article in some computer magazine back in the day about hacks you could do to the Balderdash video game for Atari. I'm not sure what he had to do, maybe use a hex editor on the binary. He was able to do things like make Rockford eat objects besides dirt and diamonds, or be invulnerable, or there could be multiple Rockfords on the screen at one.
ryoshu
Main way I learned how to program was computer magazines and copying code. I still do things like redrawing reference architecture diagrams from scratch, because I can focus on each portion and think about how the data flows between services.
Joeboy
From my subjective experience, having "been there at the time", I think this was sufficiently obscure that "not really a thing" is not an unreasonable take. It's a bit like "Yes, in the 2020s we got NFTs tattooed on our bodies".
Edit: Although having just googled it it seems like NFT tattoos might be more of a thing than I was aware, so what do I know.
flohofwoe
It was 'big in East Germany' though (see my comment about Prof Dr Horst Voelz). A translated section from that link:
"The response to the show was unexpectedly overwhelming. Over the course of the approximately 60 episodes, the station received a total of approximately 50,000 letters from listeners. This was unprecedented in the history of broadcasting."
...and of course as a teenager I was eagerly awaiting each show and recorded the programs that were broadcasted at the end :)
koonsolo
It's probably obscure, but anyone from that time would find it plausible because we know both radio and computers used cassettes.
So for me, this title was "Yeah, I get it how that would work".
For fun I just asked my 16 year old son "Do you think it was possible in the past to download a computer game from the radio?". He thought is was impossible, and had no clue how that would work when asked further :D. It totally confused him because "you can't play games on a radio".
Those were indeed different times.
p3rls
Eh, I was a little too young to be there at the time but your experience sounds infinitely cooler than a NFT tattoo which just might be the lamest thing I've heard in my life and I feel worse about the world for learning about.
ochrist
The transmissions from NOS in The Netherlands could be received here in Denmark, and I actually succeeded in downloading several programs based on the BASICODE 2 standard. At that time (eighties), people had all sorts of home computers, but this way we could actually run the same programs, whether you had a BBC computer, a ZX81 or one of the many other brands. The way it worked was that the programs used a common (primitive) BASIC dialect, and where there was a difference, a subroutine was added with a high line number. E.g. instead of clear screen you would just write GOSUB 100. There's a user manual here: https://archive.org/details/BASICODE2Manual/page/n7/mode/2up
robertpnl
Here is an example of the sound that was heard on the radio for approximately 2 to 3 minutes that was broadcasted on the Dutch radio. https://on.soundcloud.com/QAUa2Kkgef1gDxDQ6
smitelli
To my ear it sounds like AFSK, kind of like the Bell 202 scheme. Here's the first passable search result I found with a clean recording: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PXxSHGrF-8
dylan604
There's only a 3 second sample out of the 2 minutes of radio programming.
smilespray
You with your fancy GOSUB-supporting computer...
HarHarVeryFunny
We also downloaded software from our TV's in the UK via the BBC micro's Prestel adaptor.
A much more mainstream way of sharing software was source code listings - typically BASIC - in magazines like Dr. Dobbs, that you would type in yourself.
I wonder how many of today's youth are also aware of the bulletin board systems (BBS) that existed pre-internet - standalone servers that you would connect to via modem to socialize and/or download files using protocols like Kermit, and X/Y/Zmodem.
kragen
BBSes postdated internets (at the time often "catenets"), though only by a few years. They were just open to more people for a long time.
HarHarVeryFunny
BBS had been available from late 70's - initially using acoustic couplers rather than modems. The internet (as distinct from ARPANET) wasn't created until early 80's, and what most people today think of as the internet - the WWW - wasn't publicly available until the early 90's.
kragen
Well, I investigated, and I was wrong. BBSes did predate the internet—but not, as you say, by several years. Rather, the time gap was about six to ten months, because the internet (as distinct from ARPANET) was created in late 01978, not the early 01980s. (Also, we didn't use acoustic couplers instead of modems; modems were what we were coupling with our acoustic couplers.)
Ward Christensen and Randy Suess put the first BBS, CBBS/Chicago, online in February 01978.
As for internets, Louis Pouzin proposed internetworking in 01974, and Cerf and Kahn published "A Proposal for Packet Network Intercommunication" https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1092259 the same year. Within the ARPANET project, the Internet Experiment Note series began in 01977. IEN 1 https://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien1.pdf is dated "29 July 1977". But, although it's talking about "the last couple of years" and "the ARPANET internetworking community", it seems to be talking about proposals for networking protocols to implement, not reporting results from actual experiments. IEN 65 https://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien65.pdf are the meeting notes from the TCP meeting of August 5, 01977, including an assignment of what would later be called "class A" IP network numbers; for example, network 18[.0.0.0] is assigned to LCS at MIT, an assignment MIT still retains today, and network 10[.0.0.0] is assigned to ARPANET, an assignment it would retain until it was shut down. But that doesn't mean they could actually send packets with those addresses yet. At that point they were still considering things like variable-length addresses (in IEN 66).
Even in IEN 22 in February 01978 https://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien22.pdf they are talking about all plans to set up routers in the future tense, while IEN 46 from June 01978 https://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien46.txt talks about MIT already having two local networks (apparently participating in the internet experiment) and concerns about "upheaval to (...) gateway [router] code".
IEN 51 from July 01978 reports high levels of packet loss in the SATNET gateways https://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien51.txt, suggesting that UCL was somewhat successfully internetworking at that point.
But IEN 53 from August 01978 opens saying, "Vint put the stress on the need for the Internet to be a working system very soon," proposing various milestone dates for 01979, though it also reports that "3 gateways are up between SATNET & ARPANET", and that an internet was up and working at PARC interconnecting 22 to 25 ethernets over PRNET, but presumably not using IP (at the time called IN).
IEN 60 from October 01978 https://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien60.pdf section V reports, "Testing of this [new shortest path] routing algorithm [is] in progress[,] and it should be operational in the ARPANET/PRNET gateways and the ARPANET/SATNET gateways by the end of this year."
Later that month, IEN 63 https://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien63.pdf reports, "A number of [Internet] feasibility demos have been done. We need to show an operational [Internet] capability. In June 1979, eighty users will be online via PRNET in Ft. Bragg. In April 1979, there will be a PRNET demo at Ft. Sill. In May-June 1979, UCL will be disconnected from the rest of the ARPANET and will depend on the Internet system." It also reports that at BBN the SATNET-ARPANET router and the PRNET-ARPANET router are now operating, and asks, "Is IN [IP] available directly without TCP?" Forgie at Lincoln Lab reports, "Hope to have an internet speech capability up by the end of the year." This is also when today's minimum MTU of 576 octets was established.
In IEN 76 https://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien76.pdf in January 01979, "Ginny [Strazisar at BBN] noted that both the SATNET and PRNET gateways will run both IN-4 [IPv4] and old protocols by the end of January." So at this point they did in fact have the internet up and working. BBN reported success running TCP/IP ("TCP-4") on PDP-11 Unix, Noel Chiappa at MIT LCS had four running internet nodes on Multics, and at NDRE in Norway "TCP-4 has been running for about three months".
So I think that, by any reasonable definition, the internet that we're using today was up and running in late 01978, on multiple operating systems and multiple continents. It just wasn't very big yet. The packets they were sending would probably have been interpretable by today's Wireshark, though I'm not sure about that (IEN 54 defined the IP header format that was standardized in RFC 760, but there might be subtle incompatibilities, and I'm less sure about TCP), and even some of today's IP-address space allocations were already established. If you were to bring up a software emulation of the Multics TCP/IP stack on your LAN, you could probably telnet to it.
The other internets like the one at Xerox PARC might have predated the TCP/IP internet we use today, but not by more than a few months—not by enough to predate the BBS. IBM's internal corporate worldwide computer network was a few years earlier; I forget what it was called, but I don't think it was an internet.
My error was that I had thought that there were lots of internetworking experiments in the years leading up to IPv4, given that the concept was published four years earlier. I didn't appreciate the slowness of the development of the necessary software and the resulting degree of preplanning and deliberation. BBN's Unix TCP/IP was written in PDP-11 assembly, and presumably the TCP/IP stacks for Multics and the PDP-10 were also written in assembly, which may be one reason for the slowness.
As for "what most people today think of as the internet", ignorant people have all kinds of stupid misconceptions. They think that cellphones send radio signals to satellites, that Christopher Columbus discovered the United States, that Henry Ford invented the automobile, that many people eat too much salt, that microwave ovens are radioactive, that vaccines cause autism, and that Xbox Live and WhatsApp don't use the internet. But presumably nobody that ignorant is participating in this discussion, so I don't know why you'd bring it up.
danieldk
Modern counterpart: the Teenage Engineering PO-32 drum machine can get samples/patches through it's mic or line-in. Some people have Youtube videos with patches in them. E.g. here is a playlist where each video has a section with patch transfer (sounds like an old modem):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SbD49LoIZ_0&list=PLk5kr7-twZ...
ben7799
This is actually more common than we might think in the music world. TC Electronic and a few other guitar/effect companies also had audio based ways to transmit program data into effects pedals.
nunez
Insane that there are people denying that this happened. I wasn't born during this period, but being able to download stuff off of terrestrial radio is completely believable. What do people think Wi-Fi or cellular networks are???
crazygringo
I was skeptical until I saw information confirming it.
It's not obvious that the frequency range used by computers recording on audiocassette would fit into that used by AM or FM radio transmission and reception equipment.
In other words, it's obvious that it would be possible on equipment specifically designed for it.
But I'm quite surprised that it worked without it (presumably) having been designed for. Or maybe they did pick a frequency ceiling compatible with commercial radio intentionally?
flohofwoe
The cassette loading/saving on home computers had to be extremely failure tolerant so that it would work with low quality tapes and shitty recorders. I guess as a side effect this failure tolerance also made it work over radio.
cobbaut
I was alive, and it did happen.
I never did it myself, but did get copies of the (British I think) broadcasts on cassette for the ZX Spectrum. iirc a program would be about five-six minutes of beeps.
forestgreen76
For real. It's really not that much of a stretch.
quenched
I did this in New Zealand around 1985-6 on Saturday mornings around 930 IIRC. It was recorded onto cassette tape and then loaded into our BBC Micro B. We couldn't afford a disk drive. I can also remember typing in many BASIC programs from magazine listings. That was how we learned.
BugsJustFindMe
> What do people think
Well...
> do people think
Often, no.
bluedino
Mid-90's in the United States...
Somehow I bought a Hauppauge TV tuner card, it may have been this one:
https://www.ebay.com/itm/325897614012
"Receive data broadcasts with Intercast and Wavetop"
Now, I don't remember anything I specifically downloaded using this. I'm not sure if it was still being used at the time, or if it was even supported in my area. I picked the tuner card up at a surplus store and it was at least a year or two old at that time.
I remember you needed to use a certain application and images or websites or something would appear in a browser while you were watching a TV show.
Edit: Intel Intercast, apparently
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercast#:~:text=Intercast%20...
bpoyner
This is great and I believe it. But saying your game would be loaded "after a few minutes" might be true for a small game. I had the Commodore 1541 floppy drive while my friend had the Commodore Datasette. The speed difference between these were huge. The floppy drive was around 300 bytes per second while the tape drive was around 50 bytes per second (3KB/minute). We would literally go outside to play while waiting on the tape drive.
HNDen21
That's why you needed it saved with Turbo. it was at least 10 times faster.. I used to have this cartridge... besides turbo it had some more things, it could grab a hardcopy of memory (ie if you were playing a game.. you could save it... and then load it later, it would be in the same state)
https://www.ami64.com/product-page/kcs-power-cartridge-c64
See also https://sqlservercode.blogspot.com/2016/11/what-was-first-co...
HarHarVeryFunny
300 Bps is demon speed! I remember using an acoustic coupler to access the early internet at 300 BAUD (i.e. 300 bps), or about 30 char/sec.
Later on, I also remember downloading Linux kernel tarballs, hot off the press, via FTP using 9600 bps modem (if I recall correctly - slow as crap), which I'd kick off before going to bed and hope for the best in the morning. Sometimes I'd make a script to download a few different files at once.
On the theme of slow computing in general, I remember doing embedded software builds on a PDP 11 (Xenix) that would take an hour or so to complete - so you'd go and practice your juggling or somesuch waiting for it to complete.
Still, the big thrill in mid-late 70's had been the switch from batch punched card deck submissions to a mainframe (an hour later comeback to collect the syntax error, or core dump printout) to being ONLINE (woo hoo!) - sitting in front of a terminal and actually interacting with a computer in real time!
forinti
The beeb could do 1200 baud. I'm pretty sure you could load any game in 5 minutes. A 7 minute tape could hold 64KB.
Wikipedia says the Spectrum could do even better.
Marazan
That's what you get for using an inferior machine. Spectrum users had no such problem.
flohofwoe
Here's a personal record of Prof Dr Horst Völz (basically the figure head of East German hobby computing) about his computer radio show which featured such downloads over radio (in German):
https://web.archive.org/web/20250127135637/http://horstvoelz...
The most remarkable detail might be the collaboration across the Iron Curtain with West German and Dutch computer enthusiasts.
buildsjets
There are websites with WAV files of software cassettes. You can connect the audio out of your cellphone to the cassette input of your Apple ][ and load audio directly from the web.
nacnud
Ah, the retro equivalent of "curl -L <script-url> | bash" ... :)
jandrese
Yep. But of course security was not a concern with the machines of the era. At all. There wasn't even the concept beyond locking the entire computer away in a cabinet. For the most part a virus couldn't hurt your machine or survive a power off, although there are a few machines of the era with buggy "killer registers" that you could set that would cause a malfunction serious enough that could burn out some part of the machine.
uneventual
funny to think that there was a blip of people downloading software over the radio in the 80s, then the internet happened and it was all over hardwire, and now virtually all software is downloaded over the radio again
Svip
Even if most devices receive data wirelessly these days, the transfer to its last wireless transmitter will be almost entirely wired. Mobile masts are wired, wireless routers are wired, and so on. That being said, consumer devices are but a part of the much larger group of digital devices connected to the internet in some fashion, and a lot of them remains wired to the internet. "Virtually all software" being downloaded wirelessly feels like a big claim.
And this is not entirely an exercise in pedantry and semantics, since traditional radios were not wired, they weren't the "last transmitter" in a long chain, but were rather often _the_ transmitter. The data for download had to be physically moved _to_ the radio station. (I believe wireless extenders for radio exists, and maybe even some wired for larger coverage, but my understanding is radio still remains exceedingly local, and national stations are largely transmitted via the internet first.)
Though a quick aside; it's funny that you refer to wireless as radio, when in radio's infancy, it was most commonly referred to as "wireless" (e.g. "on the wireless").
ta1243
In the UK transfer to the last wireless transmitter in radio are almost always wired (ISDN or similar back in the 80s). Wireless repeaters were used in the early days of TV, but rare for radio
Sharlin
Microwave links used to be used to transmit TV, calls and data before fibre became commonplace. Presumably also radio for nationwide stations at least.
lemonad
Same in Sweden! One of the public radio channels (P2) had some nighttime shows with Commodore 64 programs. I can't remember if it was purely BASIC programs or just loaders using data statements for machine code. Seems really impractical now but back then everyone was using cassette tapes to record music from the radio and the C64 had a cassette deck to load software, so it worked quite well. Except that they, as far as I remember, did not use compression so most programs took ages to broadcast.
I definitely had cassette based games on the TRS-80, but most of the "wireless" transmission in my youth was via BASIC printed in the back of computer magazines. You had to type in the entire app yourself. I did this for basically every app they listed. Sometimes it was like tax prep software, but I didn't care, even though I was like 9 at the time. Yes, it took a very long time. Yes, you could easily introduce typos and bugs.