You suck at CSS and that's okay (2022)

69 comments

·March 10, 2025

ZYbCRq22HbJ2y7

Tell that to a decent number of people I have worked with over the past 20 years. In fact, I know people to this day who have been writing CSS for decades who don't really know fundamental things like specificity, inheritance, or the cascade. Pattern matching into the sunset, not a single fundamental piece of CSS specifications ever internalized, still getting paid (its okay).

https://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/specs.en.html

You can read this and know most things about CSS. For a bit anyway. You'll forget things you don't use. You might remember them again one day.

bigbuppo

I tried to use a framework on a web project recently, but looking at the two most popular frameworks... one of the results in every site looking the same, while the other is a step backwards to the bad old days in the worst possible ways. It was simpler to start from scratch, and I finally understood the cascade. I was actually able to drop most of the explicit class attributes, which led to a significant reduction in page size.

The primary purpose of frameworks was to work around the quirks in all the different web browsers out there, and to implement grid-like layouts before we had css grid, and to deal with the impossibility of centering a div natively. None of that is necessary these days, and hasn't been for a decade.

kyleyeats

Atomic CSS is great. It does abuse class="" in the same way style="" was abused. It's counter-intuitive but the obvious code smells produced here are better than the non-obvious code smells created by other style architecture approaches.

I've always now-and-then packaged up and open-sourced the pattern I use for CSS. The projects have gotten smaller and smaller. This reflects well on CSS as a technology.

I think class="" has more to offer in an information density sense. There's more potential there than style="" had. Instantly lumping them together was my first response too, but I was wrong. The in-the-HTML shorthand of frameworks like Bootstrap/Tailwind/CASS is insanely useful in a way that inline styles never were.

_benton

One reason I think Tailwind became so popular is that it makes it much easier to pattern match CSS. I don't think it's a good or bad thing, it's just a thing.

ZYbCRq22HbJ2y7

Yeah, I am not saying its bad in all applications, just that people who use CSS these days rarely really know CSS (who can know it all?), which isn't really any different from the past on a general level. Yet, I think we should push our peers to view the entirety of CSS as meaningful and worthy of attention.

_benton

I'm forcing myself to use raw CSS in my recent work just so I can gain a better understanding of it. It's nice what you can achieve without JS, but man sometimes it just feels like arranging arcane symbols until you achieve the desired result.

danielvaughn

Can you explain what you mean by pattern matching? I’m not sure I understand.

ZYbCRq22HbJ2y7

Do you know what pattern matching is?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_matching

Also:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_recognition

And (early 2000s skeptics idea of the term, a useful abstraction):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AjLmU0Sfu4

Sometimes people call it:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargo_cult_programming

All just to say, w.r.t. CSS, if you are doing this, you don't really understand what you are doing, why browsers added a feature, what the language is, you are just replicating patterns because you saw other people do it.

You were assimilated into behaving a certain way, and you continue to look at the patterns your org or community follow and you just are a victim of the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwagon_effect or you never had time to learn and you are a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Script_kiddie or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamer (or what people used to refer to as hackers outside of IT).

You know you can do it, but you don't know how it works, why it matters, or why you should care.

Meanwhile, you can learn about these patterns, study them, comment on why people use them, critique their flaws, benefits, etc.

Those people used to be called a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_architect or one who studied https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology

danielvaughn

Oh I see, thanks. I knew what pattern matching was, but took it literally and confused myself.

lazierhaskell

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_(aesthetic) story bro

tombert

I never got very good with CSS or HTML styling. I know enough to generally fix obvious stuff, but I'm kind of a luddite and still use Bootstrap for most of my stuff. I've mostly stopped doing web stuff, so the only time I touch CSS is when I'm doing an admin screen or something, so it doesn't have to look great.

Still, a part of me wonders how different my life would be if I had taken to frontend programming enough to make things that look nice. It's not like there isn't anything enjoyable about it, I just ended up taking to backend distributed systems work a bit sooner.

kyleyeats

The predecessor to this project was a Bootstrap 3 theme: https://rriepe.github.io/1pxdeep/

The book has a lot of content over what to make pretty and what not to make pretty. I think knowing what not to bother with is an underrated skill. A lot of what inspired me to write it was backenders handing off markup that they tried to make semi-passable. Unstyled HTML, please!

hinkley

I did for a while when CSS3 was new.

Big problem with evergreen standards: if you try to come back to a standard that is now twice as big but still has the same version number, there is nobody writing books to teach you what you missed out on. Want to come from CSS2 to 3? They got you. Want to do backend development for five years and then get a summary on what you missed? Go fuck yourself.

tombert

Yeah, that's the thing.

I'm not saying that this is a "bad" thing, but the last time I did any significant amount of frontend stuff was back in ~2014, and it was AngularJS, which was considered pretty ok at the time I think. I left that job and started doing almost exclusively backend stuff for several years, and when I looked back, the entire world had switched to React and transpiling JSX and a lot more CSS than I was familiar with.

It seemed pretty intimidating to try and pick that up again, so I never really left the backend stuff, and now I've managed to even avoid web stuff for awhile, because I kind of hate web programming.

hinkley

Today's example:

Forgot that you can nest CSS now without Less or SCSS. Luckily my CSS has just barely tipped over into 'hot garbage' when I figured this out instead of in another four weeks.

DicIfTEx

FWIW you're not alone in thinking that: there's a W3C CSS4 Community Group[0] now, and you can find more detail on their proposal at https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/4770 and ongoing CSS[3|4|5|Next] categorisation work at https://css-levels.netlify.app/

[0]: https://www.w3.org/community/css4/

boyter

I detest writing CSS and HTML. I just find it boring fiddly and annoying. I have started doing "vibe" coding with LLM's. Giving a decent prompt produces results that are... pretty good.

Almost 100% in lighthouse for both mobile and desktop, responsive, reusable components, dark/light mode and a design that was better than I could do in the 2-3 hours I spent doing it (while sipping wine).

I know its not a solution for everyone, and probably won't work for the prettier designs out there, but you can go a long way with these tools this day.

I know there is a reluctance to not use LLM's for code tasks, and I am one of the largest critics, but for me this solves a real pain point. I don't want to write CSS/HTML anymore and these tools do a good enough job of it that I don't have to.

colonCapitalDee

LLMs are great for building frontends for backend projects and backends for frontend projects

boyter

For CRUD I agree. A lot of what I am doing is a bit more complex then that.

I actually would be happy to just "vibe" code my way through most of the problems I deal with if LLM's were able to do it.

That said, they make a great intern or jnr developer you can hand tasks off. You have to review either way, but the LLM does it faster.

kyleyeats

I agree. CASS (the library this book was promoting) is actually really great paired with LLMs. If I revisit this project, it'll be along the lines of using it with LLMs.

nativeit

HN Confessional: I wrote a custom theme for my server management software a few years ago that's basically just a rewrite of the stock theme's rather large CSS file. Among a little more than 1200 lines, I include `!important` 175 times. I imagine that causes hives among our more discerning front-end devs.

nativeit

It looks great, specifically for me. I can't comment on anyone else, but I have to imagine it's dysfunctional. I abstracted as many color and style options as possible to allow for a lot of variable-setting. I unreservedly apologize for the affront to common decency (but I'm probably still gonna use it). Gotta have that transparent glass effect on ma' netstats.

bigbuppo

And the fix is another framework, because of course it's another framework. Frameworks are to CSS what greige paint is to a house. Trying to implement the missing 5% of a CSS framework without knowing how to implement "complex" CSS from the ground up means you are never implementing the missing 5%. Your site or app or whatever is just going to look like every other site that uses that framework.

Now that CSS is more or less feature complete and the fact that there's just one web browser means you don't need the clever tricks rolled up in a framework to center a div or to have a grid layout that works without resorting to tables. It's literally part of the CSS spec and has been implemented in every browser for a decade now.

kyleyeats

The argument I make in the book is that the last 5% of CSS/design should be written by people who can write CSS. Nobody else should even be writing CSS because it turns into a huge mess when everyone jumps in.

I mothballed this project because people were so incredibly cruel about it (a CSS project!). Remember that people who work on this stuff are people, and we're just trying to make things better. Also, you can pry .vertical-center from my cold, dead hands.

bigbuppo

How do you expect anyone to learn CSS if they're being told to not even think about writing CSS unless they already know CSS? The whole premise demotivates learning. Experts weren't always experts. They had to start somewhere. If the world were to follow your advice, CSS would soon become dead knowledge. I am absolutely perplexed that you could write something, an act of conveying knowledge, and that you wanted to convey "don't learn this". Do you not see how weird that is?

kyleyeats

Yep, it's weird and controversial. That's why I wrote a book explaining it and used a pseudonym.

Now: ~60% of devs know some CSS, rest feel guilty

YSAC's pitch: ~10% of devs know lots of CSS, rest avoid it without guilt (they suck and that's okay)

I guess 0% would mean a dead CSS, so it's closer to dead, sure.

If you get a more powerful saw, you can either cut down more trees or you can spend less time cutting down trees. CSS is a more powerful saw now. I'm suggesting spending less time cutting down trees instead of cutting down more trees.

null

[deleted]

jay_kyburz

lol.. I'm not sure what _you_ mean by .vertical-center but I wrote this last weekend for my latest project.

   .center { display: flex; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; text-align:center}
   .vcenter { display: flex; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; }
   .hcenter { text-align: center; }

kyleyeats

Basically the same idea, yep. CASS doesn't use abbreviations or numerals though.

haburka

> The last big driver of time-wasting in CSS is the drive for pixel perfection

I agree. Also users/product managers do not care. They will see UI that is a little bit “off” and think negatively about your brand. Congrats, now you have a ticket to make the UI look pixel perfect.

I suppose the audience for this isn’t people who actually get paid to write CSS, but instead casual blog writers. It’s definitely ok and normal to have little blips on your side project.

kyleyeats

The perfection should be downstream of the project's coded standards, not downstream of the faithful implementation of the designer's work. Some designers are really good about maintaining standards-- but the book would argue all that effort should be spent elsewhere.

It's basically "the arbitrary padding the designer liked in the moment" vs. "the standard padding that's everywhere in the project." This book argues you should always use the standard padding. Your product should be pixel-perfect, just not in the PSD-to-HTML sense.

jamesfinlayson

> It's basically "the arbitrary padding the designer liked in the moment" vs. "the standard padding that's everywhere in the project." This book argues you should always use the standard padding. Your product should be pixel-perfect, just not in the PSD-to-HTML sense.

Oh yeah - I remember my first job things had to be pixel perfect to what the boss had mocked up in Photoshop. Thankfully at my next job it was just use whatever the project's CSS gives you unless it looks terrible.

I don't do much frontend any more but my current marketing team is happy with anything that looks reasonable.

ozim

Not even pixel perfection but also coming up with UX ideas by people who don’t understand technical details.

Like QA not passing some detail because they think it should be different. Where in reality it is what it is because of framework etc.

Yes you mostly can do everything - but not everything is worth spending time/money on.

goatlover

It's amazing how much the initial intent of the web has been perverted. Not all for the worse, but still.

jasonthorsness

On the other hand, personal sites and side-projects are where you can afford to take as much time as you want in order to achieve pixel perfection without the pressure of shipping anything.

sampton

I recently started a green field project using copilot and tailwind. I’m blown away by how good ai is with css. I’m just glad no one has to try wrestle with css like we did back in the days.

hn_throwaway_99

I wrote a similar comment yesterday, https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43316939.

CSS styling used to take me forever, now I basically just tell AI the contours of what I want, and it gives me the vast majority of what I want. It often has some bugs, and I always need to edit/tweak it to get things right, but it probably saves me 90% of the time I used to waste on CSS (I'm primarily a backend dev).

kyleyeats

It's true. Between atomic CSS libraries and LLMs, there's almost no reason to write CSS nowadays.

gnabgib

(2022)

You've turned your/rriepe's substack series (https://news.ycombinator.com/from?site=yousuckatcss.substack...) into a book? Or actually maybe it's the other way around (based on rriepe's profile[0])

[0]: https://news.ycombinator.com/user?id=rriepe

kyleyeats

Edited the year into the title. CASS (the CSS library) and YSAC (this book) have been a huge marketing mess, to be honest. And yeah the substack was part of it-- I think the book came first though. Kyle Yeats (rhymes with stylesheets) was going to be a Youtube persona but I could never really get the feel of it right.

The book morphed into being more about project management. I think there's a lot of value in it still, in that respect, so I'm putting it all online for free.

froginspector

I am not convinced anyone is truly good at CSS unless its their only job

appleorchard46

I enjoy working with CSS immensely. It takes some thought to get things right from the beginning, but I find it's always clear what can be done to improve it.

With modern features like CSS nesting, anyway; just a few years ago when IE support and whatnot was more relevant it was a different story. Now you can just throw everything into a flexbox.

CottonMcKnight

CSS is a language, but it is 0.1% syntax and 99.9% memorizing the standard library, which expands monthly.

pupppet

The worst part of CSS is trying to come up with the class names.

.every-stupid-ass__naming-scheme-falls-short{}

ZYbCRq22HbJ2y7

Why? Just ask an LLM if your taxonomy skills are weak. They'll transfer eventually.

Things like BEM give you the most flexibility for extension, things like atomic CSS (tailwind) give you the most velocity for not giving a fuck about ever touching the markup again.