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America desperately needs more air traffic controllers

legitster

Everyone is going to make this about money or unions or etc, but my employer briefly worked with some ATC employee groups and I can tell you exactly why they are short staffed:

- The FAA has strict hiring requirements. You have to be mentally and physically capable, and by their own admission less than 10% of applicants are qualified for the job. https://www.faa.gov/air-traffic-controller-qualifications

- The training and onboarding process is incredibly long, and turnover is high

- The fundamentals and technology of the job have not changed in decades, despite air traffic exploding in recent years

- Most people are just not capable of the amount of stress and risk associated with the job

- Seriously, it's a really freaking stressful job

I would argue an ATC employee is worth every penny, but I also don't think there is a magical amount of money where you are going to suddenly double your pool of candidates willing to do this kind of work. These people are already very well compensated, and at a certain point you are just going to be cannibalizing other talent pools.

The real need is new and modern technology that automates much of the mistake-prone, human-centric tasks. But nobody wants to risk introducing changes to such a fragile system.

ryandrake

> I would argue an ATC employee is worth every penny, but I also don't think there is a magical amount of money where you are going to suddenly double your pool of candidates willing to do this kind of work. These people are already very well compensated, and at a certain point you are just going to be cannibalizing other talent pools.

It wouldn't happen overnight, but surely if ATC had a similar compensation reputation as, say, investment banking, we wouldn't have the pipeline problem that we do now. Surely banks don't have a problem finding young, quick thinking minds to put through their pressure factories. I don't think the ATC candidate pool is currently even close to the limit of people who could take the stress and do the work. Offer controllers starting salaries of $1M/yr and see how things start to change.

Your point in the other thread about marketing the job to teenagers is also good. I wouldn't be surprised if most of the people interested in ATC aren't already "aviation adjacent" to some degree (ex-military, family are pilots, and so on)

bbarnett

It's a different kind of pressure. Lives aren't on the line making trades, not like air travel. This lends to a different type of stress.

Losing millions for your boss, losing your job != killing hundreds with a single mistake made in seconds.

AutistiCoder

I've dreamed of having an AI model run ATC.

Just train an AI on ATC recordings and other data, maybe throw in some reinforcement learning,and then test it in low-stakes commercial airspace (like a regional airport)

RandomBacon

> I also don't think there is a magical amount of money where you are going to suddenly double your pool of candidates willing to do this kind of work.

There would be more people interested in aviation choosing to be ATC than a pilot if our pay matched that of major airline pilots.

There are people going through the training and then quiting when they realize that can't get an opening in their hometown because that spot is reserved for a random person one week behind them in the FAA academy, and the pay won't make it worth moving away from their family.

There are more examples, and appropriate pay would fix most of them.

(Opinions are my own and not necessarily that of the FAA.)

legitster

> at a certain point you are just going to be cannibalizing other talent pools

I don't think any sane person would be against raising ATC wages. But to refer back to my post, the situation might be different if it there were not also a massive pilot shortage as well! If these two pools of talent mostly overlap raising wages on one will probably just pull from the other.

It's probably a combination of raising wages and putting more money into recruiting teenagers considering vocational programs.

kylehotchkiss

It seems like a good career path for people retiring from commercial aviation. They have been on the other end of ATC and know the gravity of the situation.

sombrero_john

You must be younger than 31 to qualify for training as an ATC: https://www.faa.gov/faq/what-are-age-requirements-individual...

el_benhameen

There is a maximum age for atc applicants (31) that unfortunately makes this infeasible.

grotted

I work closely with transportation dispatchers, and this applies almost word for word

ApolloFortyNine

We have planes moving hundreds of miles an hour being managed exclusively by audio channels.

Does this not blow anyone else's minds? This seems like a clear case of 'because we've always done it that way'. There's no way if a system was being developed today they'd say to hell with screens, lets just give them instructions over audio and assume they'll follow them to a T if acknowledged.

bobthepanda

there are already a lot of screens and things to look at in a cockpit. and in emergency situations, screens can fail. audio has the advantage of being highly backwards compatible and extremely reliable, so long as the pilots are alive and conscious (and if they're not, the plane is most likely SOL anyways: see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helios_Airways_Flight_522)

ryandrake

Also, you can process and respond to audio without taking your eyes off of whatever they are on, and without taking your hand off the stick/yoke.

I hear in my headset "Clear for the option runway two-five-right, number two behind a cessna, two mile final, on the go make right traffic" and I know instantly what is expected of me without having to look at a screen. A digital display would be a step backwards.

chinathrow

> and assume they'll follow them to a T if acknowledged

That's not how ATC works.

runako

Seems like a colossal error to have asked them all to quit.

I wonder -- if half of the air traffic controllers took the offer to leave their jobs, do we have a Plan B? The deadline they have been given to decide is Thursday; I have not seen any communication as to whether ATC (and TSA, etc.) will be operational Friday.

mayneack

It seems they clawed back the offer or never gave it in the first place.

https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-administration-exempt...

runako

They have nonetheless signaled that a subset of the staff is marked for firing.

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42936406

johnnyanmac

So what does that really mean for those he outright fired? They didn't "resign".no one who (stupidly) responded to that email to resign would have taken any effect anyway.

lenerdenator

> if half of the air traffic controllers took the offer to leave their jobs, do we have a Plan B?

In theory you could do what Reagan did and tell the military to do ATC.

Whether or not this is a good idea is another matter.

robert_foss

Reagan taking away collective bargaining rights for ATCs seems to be what have led to the shortage and the helicopter accident last week.

ApolloFortyNine

The official investigation report is of course going to take a bit, but the ATC audio is public, and the helicopter was warned twice about the plane, and said they had a visual of the plane.

Besides never missing an opportunity to 'slam' the opposition, I have no idea why this is being construed as an ATC failure.

legitster

Kinda. Collective bargaining rights are great for employees but they do not automatically lead to better outcomes for customers/citizens/etc.

A good counter-example of ATC would be police. Police have strong collective bargaining rights, but mostly came at the expense of accountability and citizen oversight. (And also police departments are still chronically understaffed).

lenerdenator

Indeed. Wouldn't want people doing a safety-critical job being fairly compensated, after all.

tayo42

Did reagan do anything good in hindsight? Everytime I hear about him he seems like the worst president until trump came along

pfannkuchen

I thought the buyout offer went along with the cancellation of remote work. Like, if you are thinking about quitting because you don’t want to come in, here have an extra incentive to do that and take some time to find another job.

ATC already couldn’t work remotely. The only people who would take a deal like this would be people who were thinking about quitting or retiring anyway. I suspect ATC will not be substantially affected by people taking that deal.

csa

> I thought the buyout offer went along with the cancellation of remote work.

Your sentiment is a result of their incredibly vague first attempt at messaging.

The offer was (or ended up being) a full buyout offer. The “offer” is probably genuine, but it’s not a clean offer, as many edge cases are unclear (e.g., can they terminate you if they accept the offer… currently there is nothing stopping them from doing that, how can someone of retirement age accept the offer and then retire, etc.).

Iirc, ATCs can accept the buy out if they so chose. I’m guessing most won’t, as the ATC deal is good to stick with until you retire.

Edit: Per the article, the status of the offer is unclear. It wasn’t cleared with the union before the letter was released, and it hasn’t been officially rescinded either (despite comments that it has from DoT).

pfannkuchen

Sorry to be unclear, I didn’t mean that only people transitioning from remote to in person can take the buyout. I meant that that is what the deal seemed to be targeting based on the timing, like a release valve for people who would be angry about switching back to in person.

runako

The other set of people who might take the deal are people who are concerned that the new administration will consider them "DEI hires"[1] and fire them later in the year. This is not an unreasonable fear given that the administration has already blamed the DC crash on "DEI" and pledged to root out "DEI" everywhere.

If you expect to be fired ~ in the fall, it is not unreasonable to be interested in the offer to keep getting paid from your federal job while you look for alternate employment.

1 - I am not going to get into who fits this category. The point is which employees might think they fit into this category.

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lesuorac

It's a colossal error to accept. The government isn't authorized to do a buy-out by congress so you're just quitting and won't receive the payment.

taeric

I'd be interested to see the daily staffing levels over the past couple of weeks. If anyone knows where that could be found.

RationPhantoms

I couldn't find anything immediately definitive but this 2023 survey of federal workers was quite eye-opening: https://ourpublicservice.org/fed-figures/a-profile-of-the-20...

taeric

Good find. I'm curious what facets were eye opening for you? This is a ton of data that I find hard to 1-shot learn anything from. :(

randerson

ATCs have the upper hand in this negotiation because they're essential and can't be quickly replaced.

If enough ATCs quit that major airports have to be shut down or reduce flights, the airlines (and stock market) will turn against Trump pretty quickly. My guess is the going salary for ATCs is going to increase substantially once they realize they need to lure back those who quit.

I would love to see all ATCs in DC quit, and for others refuse to work there, so that Trump and Musk feel the consequences for their actions directly. Wouldn't it be great if Air Force One was stranded because of this.

Octoth0rpe

> Wouldn't it be great if Air Force One was stranded because of this.

I was under the impression that AF1 flew in/out of Andrews air force base, which I (possibly naively?) assumed did not use civilian ATC. But yes, that would be great :)

deathanatos

"US ATC System Under Scrutiny" "Fatal crash brings attention to shortage" "There are simply not enough air traffic controllers to keep aircraft a safe distance from one another."

Like, perhaps there is merit in arguing for more controllers or more pay for controllers, and perhaps that would lead to a safer airspace, but the attempts to implicitly tie the fatal crash to ATC in this case seems pretty poor form, here. What we know from the ATC transcripts[1] already tells us that ATC was aware the helicopter & the plane would be near each other well in advance of the crash; ATC informed the helo, the helo responded that he had the aircraft in sight. Time passed, the ATC gets a proximity warning (labelled as "[Conflict Alert Warning]" in VASAviation's video), ATC immediately acts on it, again reaching out to the helo, the helo again confirms they have the aircraft in sight, and moments later we can hear on the ATC transcripts the crash occur as people in the room witness it and react in horror.

To my armchair commenting self, the ATC controllers seem to be exonerated by the transcript, and I'm going to otherwise wait until an NTSB report tells me why I'm wrong to break out the pitch forks on them.

[1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3gD_lnBNu0

bombcar

I’ll bet the final NTSB report lists as a contributing factor that there was only one controller that night; a second controller might have had the time to notice the altitude was too close, or vector the helicopter behind.

ryandrake

If you live in the Bay Area on the Peninsula, you'll be excited to know that the San Carlos airport and the FAA are in a pissing match over their air traffic controllers' pay, threatening to un-staff the control tower and leave that very busy airspace without tower control. The tower was set to go dark on Feb 1st[1] but it looks like there is now a temporary extension[2] keeping it staffed. Why these guys need to play a game of chicken when lives are at stake, I have no idea.

1: https://www.kron4.com/news/bay-area/bay-area-airport-losing-...

2: https://www.kron4.com/news/bay-area/san-carlos-airport-reach...

schmookeeg

I still don't understand why KSQL is a contract tower and not a full FAA-managed tower.

tim333

There's a lawsuit going on:

>FAA embroiled in lawsuit alleging it turned away 1,000 applicants based on race — that contributed to staffing woes https://nypost.com/2025/01/31/us-news/faa-embroiled-in-lawsu...

The guy behind it is quite interesting. Got 100% on his exams but told they were only hiring 'diverse' folk https://archive.ph/ixmFB

legitster

> When Mr Brigida tried again to become an air traffic controller under the new tests, he said he failed the biographical questionnaire because he “didn’t fit the preferred ethnic profile”.

This dude leading the lawsuit is incredibly unreliable. The ATC biographical assessment didn't have any race-based questions - it was just a decision making questionnaire: https://123atc.com/biographical-assessment

It was a questionable assessment, but the idea that he failed it for being white is peak self-victimization.

The risk of DEI was fast-passing under-qualified candidates, or that they were misplacing their recruitment efforts. But the idea that they would not be filling necessary positions with qualified white people continues to be something of a polemic myth.

RandomBacon

I don't know anything about the lawsuit, but I do know that someone leaked the "answers" to members of a group representing people of a specific race.

(Opinions are my own and not necessarily that of the FAA.)

legitster

I literally linked to a study website for test, I don't think you had to be a member of a secret racial kabal to get answers.

Furthermore, the bias was literally baked into the test - certain minority candidates got to skip the test altogether. Although it's still not evidence that qualified white people were prevented from filling in vacancies.

butterlettuce

Fellas, I got a question.

Is it really safe to fly these days if this is now a national discussion?

psunavy03

It has always been and will continue to be more safe than driving to the airport. The fact that something extraordinarily safe is potentially less safe is a topic for discussion, but not at the expense of realizing the relative risks of everything else.

Prior to the midair at DCA, there had not been a fatal (edit) airliner crash in this country since 2009, and there had not been a midair collision involving an airliner since the 1970s. The fact that some people have an irrational fear of flying does not justify that irrational fear dictating policy any more than people who have an irrational fear of clowns wanting them banned.

johnnyanmac

> The fact that something extraordinarily safe is potentially less safe is a topic for discussion, but not at the expense of realizing the relative risks of everything else.

Given the leadership, I don't trust it to not get less safe, fast. We're not in statistically normal times. I highly doubt it's a coincidence that Trump fires various controllers and less than a week later we get that first midair collision in 16 years.

You can talk statistics, but the physics are another magnitude. I get in a really bad wreck and car safety standards may let me walk away without a scratch. No amount of safety can protect against a multi thousand foot droop from freefall.

almosthere

whats the current miles driven vs miles flown vs death rates of both? Not taking a side, I'm just curious here.

kaikai

Where are your dates from? According to the Wikipedia page, there have been multiple fatal plane crashes in the US since 2009, including a midair collision in 2019 (although not an airliner).

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fatal_accidents_and_...

jgwil2

The parent commenter misspoke; they meant there was not a fatal accident involving a commercial airliner from 2009 to 2025. Commercial aviation is much more highly regulated, and much safer, than general aviation.

sho_hn

There are fatal plane crashes in the US every year - in General Aviation (which often may not talk to ATC at all). Important to make the distinction :-)

psunavy03

I meant airliner crash.

iancmceachern

But is it as safe today as it was a year ago today?

psunavy03

Statistically, yes.

ethbr1

As with all things in current news: yes.

The reason this (and Boeing before it) are in the news is because the US air system is incredibly safe.

For perspective, there are ~27,000 US passenger flights per day. [0]

I think the last commercial US passenger carrier midair collision was in 1990? https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mid-air_collisions

[0] https://www.airlines.org/impact/

mooreds

Here's a study[0] looking at data from 2022 that says flying keeps getting safer. The press release[1] has some nice quotes:

> “You might think there is some irreducible risk level we can’t get below,” adds Barnett, a leading expert in air travel safety and operations. “And yet, the chance of dying during an air journey keeps dropping by about 7 percent annually, and continues to go down by a factor of two every decade.”

0: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S09696...

1: https://news.mit.edu/2024/study-flying-keeps-getting-safer-0...

bloopernova

I think the grandparent comment is asking within the context of the past couple of weeks.

Not saying that your sources aren't useful or anything.

foxyv

USA Air Traffic deaths spiked back in 2018 during the Boeing 737 Max debacle. They have declined since then. With the introduction of ADS-B things are only getting safer for commercial air travel. A lack of ATC personnel will probably just mean airport delays and cancelled flights. They can't get any more tired and burnt out than they are now.

ranger_danger

I don't think there can be a single simple answer to that question.

nimbius

disingenuous headline. America desperately needs to reform ATC hiring.

This is the same headline as the professional trucking shortage in the USA and glosses over the real reasons no one will take these jobs. mandatory overtime, low wages, miserable benefits, high stress and a well documented history of retaliation against organized labor.

kylehotchkiss

Certain immigrants actually seem to excel in trucking and even enjoy it (Punjabi truckers especially in California - I always see the Sikh logos on the back of their trucks between LA and SF!). A quick policy adjust would resolve any shortage in truckers with other people who'd probably also enjoy the work.

However, there isn't a massive pool of people abroad who can handle US airspace demands (which now seems to include helicopters flying in the approach pathways of active runways in VFR while wearing night vision goggles and ignoring their radar altimeters all so some DC asshat doesn't have to sit in a car for 20 minutes, and also includes people like my former college hallmates who take handheld aviation radios, ask for permission to depart, and run on the taxiways with their arms extended, to great dismay of ATC)

bloopernova

(this is going to sound like I think this can be fixed with a technical solution. I don't)

I wonder what the software UX is like for ATC, and if there's room for improvement? Is the software/hardware ancient? I'd hope that it is absolutely rock solid but knowing big custom projects I'm not very hopeful!

perihelions

They have fascinatingly ancient UX:

https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/technology/tfdm/efs (Image caption: "Paper flight strips currently in use")

trunnell

To those who know more about ATC: is there any hope of automation?

kelseyfrog

I don't know more about ATC, but it looks like a field ripe for disruption and innovation. AI should be able to handle the coordination of flights without the downside of the delays and limitations of the human training pipeline, worker fatigue, and stress - all for less expense. The more I think about it, the more I feel like I could have something tangible at the end of a weekend or two - at least a prototype.

c-cube

I sincerely hope this is satire (it sure is very HN in nature). "AI" in its current generative incarnation is prone to hallucinations/confabulations that cannot be avoided. In what world is that compatible with a job where a mistake can kill hundreds of people a few minutes or seconds later?

unsnap_biceps

one that you would trust the lives of thousands of humans to every day? It seems unlikely we are anywhere close to a point where we can ensure that any AI won't hallucinate and cause an issue.

deadbabe

If you’ve flown in any capacity you probably owe your life to an ATC, you’ve probably been on a plane that would have suffered a collision if not for the ATC.

hansvm

This should be easy enough to solve. Cut the hours back to something sane, and as much as possible time the airport closures in ways that affect the ruling class. You get bonus points if their jets are also delayed during normal taxiing and clearance requests -- explain that it's for their safety, since they're more important than everyone else and can't slot in to the same sorts of back-to-back landings that the common folk use.

_jss

You'd have to change more regulations, because airports don't close when ATC closes, it regresses to an untowered airport environment (and related airspace designation).

ATC is there to provide specific services that increase safety and throughput (mostly by sequencing and separation).

If you did this with the ruling class, they'd likely pass regulations that would benefit themselves disproportionately and hurt general aviation (the small little Cessnas flying around). There is already a bunch of problems with privatized ATC, don't make it worse.

GiorgioG

> Cut the hours back to something sane, and as much as possible time the airport closures in ways that affect the ruling class

The ruling class flies private aircraft and don't have to operate out of large municipal airports.

sc68cal

They're not going to want to fly to a tiny airport in the middle of nowhere and then have to drive into the city. That defeats the whole point

pavel_lishin

There are many airports within easy driving distance of major metropolitan areas, and regardless of what happens, once they get off the plane they get into a car driven by a driver.

I don't think it matters much to them whether they spend the hour in traffic out of JFK, or on a highway from White Plains.

GiorgioG

A friend of mine is a pilot for these types of folks (founders of non-tech household names), unless they're going to an event (say the Super Bowl), they fly into smaller airports.

wry_discontent

The ruling class makes the rules, though. That's their whole deal. That's why nothing works right.

kelseyfrog

It works right for them though. Curious question: Shouldn't those with a bigger stake in the economy have a bigger say in how it's ran?

johnnyanmac

Not in a representative republic, no. Those with more money don't need the safety net that all us governments spend the majority on the budget on. That's why the current coup is so terrifying.

But yes, it inevitably devolves into that in practice. Because money gives you more time to make your voice heard, or delegate it to someone else representing you. Or simply bribing others.

psunavy03

This is childish.

patmorgan23

No, it's making the people who have influence feel the pain of the problem so that maybe they'll fix it.

legitster

The bulk of the pain is going to be felt by normal people and working class. Best case scenario you will only solve the problem at the airports the rich and wealthy use and leave the rest of us out to dry.