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The Economic and Fiscal Effects of the Trump Administration's Proposed Tariffs

Animats

The biggest increase is in the price of natural gas. The US is a net exporter of natural gas. But the US imports from Canada to serve the northern US and exports to Mexico to serve northern Mexico.[1] So there's cross-border traffic for economic reasons.

More pipelines could eliminate this. Texas flares off unwanted natural gas.[2] Tariffs will provide an incentive to collect that. But they won't be built if the tariffs aren't long-term.

That's a more general problem. Manufacturing and extraction won't come back to the US unless businesses are convinced this is a long term change, not a bargaining point. This action was taken under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act.[3] That's temporary, at least in theory. It's the most expansive use of the IEEPA ever. There will probably be court challenges. The challenges probably won't succeed.[4]

[1] https://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/archive/analysis_publications...

[2] https://today.tamu.edu/2020/08/03/the-problem-with-natural-g...

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Emergency_Econom...

[4] https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/r/r45618

walterbell

2023 review of Robert Lighthizer book, https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/07/16/trump-trade-war-robert-...

> he proposes truly radical policy recommendations to delink the United States and China. He would hike tariffs to towering levels, end the benefits China has received from the United States for joining the World Trade Organization (WTO), cut off investment between the nations, block Chinese social media companies, halt cooperation on technology—and keep the measures in place until China’s trade surplus, now nearly $400 billion, disappears. In other words, for decades if not forever.

macawfish

This is clearly designed to keep people busy worrying about their survival while Elon and them continue on with their hapless refactor.

tivert

> This is clearly designed to keep people busy worrying about their survival while Elon and them continue on with their hapless refactor.

Huh? Trump's not engaging in some conspiracy to protect Elon. He's always liked tariffs, and this is him doing what he believes.

Cut it out with the weird conspiracy theories. They're not helpful.

krashidov

Even if we put the costs associated with Tariffs aside, I feel like a big PITA with Tariffs is enforcing and regulating everything. Tariffs don't seem like smaller government. Or maybe I'm wrong and this is all pretty easy to enforce and regulate?

defrost

Would anyone care to also vouch for Animats top level comment here ( https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42915372 ) - I have as it appeared to be flagged dead for no good reason ( I suspect a super user might have fat fingered another intended action ).

Seems bad form to kill a good faith comment made with effort, at least disagree or counter, etc.

Jtsummers

I also vouched, but it's not [flagged] and it's weird because he's not been banned (check his history, dang is good about telling people he's banning them, especially people who have been on the site and active for years). I suspect he triggered one of the filters or something.

EDIT: @defrost one of those links caused your comment to become [dead], I think it was the tamu one but I'm not certain. I did mail the mod about it though and Animats comment is live again.

EDIT AGAIN: dang responded. It was the tamu.edu link, somehow that domain had ended up as a spam domain. Animats' comment had been restored by vouches.

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defrost

[dead]

walterbell

> Seems bad form to kill a good faith comment made with effort, at least disagree or counter, etc,

If there were multiple fictional social media lobbying teams, which did not have continuous hourly coverage, then downvoting bots could be used during short intervals between time zone work hours.

Jtsummers

You can tell if something was auto-killed or flag-killed by if it is [flagged][dead] or just [dead]. In this case, Animats' comment was not [flagged] which suggests either moderator action (unlikely, it was instant I saw it at 0 minutes and it was dead), a banned account (not in this case, check his history), or a spam or content filter.

walterbell

Thanks, good to know.

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caspper69

I would just like Trump to be honest with his supporters about what tariffs really are and what they entail.

He repeatedly implies that these are fees that other countries will shoulder to “bring them into compliance.”

The truth is (as I’m sure you all know) these are fees that we pay to the federal government separately when we import goods from these countries. Other countries don’t pay a dime.

On top of that, supply chains don’t (or can’t) change at the drop of a hat. Large scale onshoring takes time and investment.

So the reality for the average American is that the crippling inflation we’ve endured for the last 3 years is not going away, and we’re going to pay an extra 25% on top of it for the vast majority of our imported goods (which is basically everything nowadays).

The thing I can’t figure out is if he really doesn’t know how tariffs work, or if he’s just a liar. Either way it doesn’t make him look good.

And from any reasonable analysis I’ve seen, I just don’t understand how this is going to bring anything back home. It’s just going to raise prices and cause more suffering for those who can least afford it.

But I think most people understand that it’s not actually about accomplishing any goal in particular or about solving any problem, it’s just a bro flex.

Awesome. Your guy can flex. Congratulations. All your shit just went up 25%, so now you’re paying too. Elections have consequences, as they like to say.

tivert

> The truth is (as I’m sure you all know) these are fees that we pay to the federal government separately when we import goods from these countries. Other countries don’t pay a dime.

The mistake you're making is only considering first order effects (gov collecting tariff taxes), and ignoring second and greater order effects (how people respond to those taxes).

The truth about tariffs is actually more complicated: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/20/opinion/trump-tariffs-tra...:

> A good place to start disentangling things is the argument ad nauseam over who pays for tariffs — the consumer or the foreign producer? Contrary to what both sides sometimes assert, the question has no simple answer. “Despite over a century of theoretical debate on the incidence of tariffs, sound empirical evidence on who bears the burden of trade tariffs is sparse,” according to a 2015 article in the University of Chicago’s Chicago Policy Review.

> ...It’s true that up front, a U.S. tariff is levied on Americans, not foreign producers. But what really matters is who bears the ultimate cost. If the foreign producer continues to charge the same amount at the border, then the final price goes up by the amount of the tariff, and the American bears the full cost. But if the foreign producer cuts its price at the border by the amount of the tariff so that the final price paid by the American is unchanged, then the foreign producer bears the full cost of the tariff.

> Typically, the cost will be split. Americans won’t have to bear much of the cost of the tariff if the foreign producer is willing to accept a smaller profit to hang on to its share of the U.S. market. That calculation will vary product by product.

caspper69

I don't want to insult you, but I do want to insult the NYT quotes you posted. Frankly, they are about the dumbest effing comments I've read in a while.

I will just pose a simple question- how many industries that trade in real goods have margins in excess of 25%?

How many industries do you know of that would keep going in the face of a 50% haircut to their profit?

Those quotes say nothing and are pure conjecture.

I will tell you exactly who will pay the increase (and then some, because there's always juice on top of juice): we will; you and I, and every person and family we know. That's who.

voidhorse

> The thing I can’t figure out is if he really doesn’t know how tariffs work, or if he’s just a liar. Either way it doesn’t make him look good.

The second proposition has already been proven many times over. The first is very likely also true.

> And from any reasonable analysis I’ve seen, I just don’t understand how this is going to bring anything back home. It’s just going to raise prices and cause more suffering for those who can least afford it.

It won't. I think the best thing we can hope for is that it brings economic frustrations to an untenable boiling point and either forces the administration to correct course (ultimately still costing us significantly in terms of global trade positioning) or it spurs the idiots who voted for this administration into action agains the administration.

caspper69

They’re too busy high-fiving and laughing like jackasses over their revenge porn fantasies coming true to notice.

For now at least.

There’s a lot more Cleetuses than Elons though. And Cleetus is the one who’s going to suffer.

4hg4ufxhy

>Other countries don’t pay a dime.

We will indirectly pay in reduction of demand, which will reduce the price or production. Maybe not 25%, but probably not 0%?

If we didn't pay for it, I wouldn't see our prime minister be worried about our industry and scared of trump.

caspper69

Of course it will cost you in terms of loss of demand. But there’s no guarantee that your factories will be able to reduce prices though.

Everyone is worried about it. The global supply chain is a well oiled machine after the last 40 years. Problem is, Trump’s enablers and the media are too scared of retribution to tell people just how bad this will be.

It’s a solution looking for a problem.

You should have seen my frustration during Trump I explaining to my die hard Trumper why he kept getting customs bills from DHL, FedEx and UPS for his equipment and supply orders. I was literally exacerbated trying to tell him he was paying the tariffs that Trump enacted. It’s like he was incapable of understanding plain English because it conflicted with his Fox induced worldview.

ojbyrne

I'm pretty sure his thinking is - say to every company that wants a break on the tariff - here, buy some $DJT, we'll take a look.

bediger4000

Wait, are you saying that a US president would take bribes?

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bongodongobob

I know someone who works for a construction company that does big jobs, factories, airports, hospitals, etc, and asked him about building a new factory. He said if someone woke up tomorrow and said "I'm going to build a new plant", 2 years would be an aggressive timeline just for the construction. That doesn't take into account the planning, design, permits, machinery installation, etc. It wouldn't be producing anything until after his presidency.

Now, that's all fine and good, but construction materials like steel, wood, and aluminum are about to go up due to the tariffs not to mention supply chain disruption and stockpiling, making prices even worse.

Construction is going to contract. The publicly traded companies all went down as soon as this was announced. Noone is going to want to build this stuff while materials prices are going up.

There are other ways to encourage onshoring. 25% tariffs and a tariff war with our main trading partners ain't it.

archagon

If Trump was capable of being honest, he wouldn't be a twice-impeached felon.

p3rls

The complete lack of charity in these neoliberal critiques always crack me up. Haha, those poor blue collar plebs don't know what's even in their best interest!

"any reasonable analysis"-- I will help you out, right now you can ask deepseek how tariffs helped power the asian economic miracle.

voidhorse

Even if I assume that is true, Asia in the 60s-90s and the USA in 2025 are very different geopolitical entities with very different trade relations to navigate and resources that they have/do not have available. This is the whole reason an analysis is necessary. Making good political choices is about taking relevant information and making trade offs, these levers are not some context-independent magic wand that we should hope will work because "hey it worked for the other guy".

You'll also note that good trade relations with the US, not pissing off your trading partners, were a key element to that success.

I'm sure deepseek will also let you know that tariffs are by and large considered a terrible strategy in the vast majority of circumstances.

caspper69

Why would I ask an llm anything?

The asian economic miracle as you put it took place in countries with cheap land, essentially free labor (by Western standards), zero environmental protections, and cheap global shipping.

News flash Einstein, they weren’t buying our expensive shit to begin with. So they didn’t really need tariffs. Why? Because they lived in huts with no electricity or running water and ate rice and vegetables for every meal.

Neoliberal takes. I’ve been reading the Wall Street Journal daily since before you were born, back when it wasn’t just another mouthpiece for some rich asshole with an axe to grind.

downrightmike

People buy now and then wait = inflation. Then they don't buy in the future = stagnation.

WorkerBee28474

Some excerpts:

> In the medium-to-long run, the size of the US economy is persistently 0.2% smaller in real terms under the package

> The average effective tariff rate would rise by approximately 6.1-6.3 percentage points under the proposal, once consumers and businesses substituted towards domestic or non-tariffed imported goods.

> The individual commodity with the largest price increase is natural gas. The average price rises 8.4%

> Crude oil prices rise 1.1% in the long run.

> Auto prices rise 3.9% on average,

ortusdux

Thanks for the summary. Did they factor in any of the recently announced retaliatory tariffs?

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locusm

"The Budget Lab modeled the economic and fiscal impact of the tariff proposal both with and without retaliation."

ojbyrne

I just skimmed the article, I saw they mention retaliation, but what about further escalation? I.e. repetitive tit-for-tat?

incognition

At the imminent level. The tariff rate can and likely will go up.

readthenotes1

How did these peeps do predicting the effects of Trump's first round of tariffs back in 2018 (the ones Biden kept in place)?

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blackeyeblitzar

Fiscal effects are what everyone focuses on, but tariffs have many other goals geopolitically. Those other goals include negotiations that may leave the economy better off than before.

dekerta

So Trump's master plan is to renegotiate the free trade agreement that he already renegotiated during his last term? He obviously has no idea what he's doing. Is there even a point in signing treaties with the United States when you guys will just keep electing madmen that want to tear everything up every 4 years?

RandomUser4976

Tariffs as a negotiation tactic shows you can’t actually negotiate so instead you tax your own voters, you tax your own country and then act like you’re a big dog and a brilliant negotiator. It’s a joke. Any idiot can shoot their own foot. Trump is not playing 3D chess. Trump and many of his supporters don’t understand basic logic, economics, fiscal or monetary policy so they support Trump’s tariffs. Trump and many of his supporters think a trade deficit is bank account with a negative amount or is like running up a credit card. Morons. I have a trade deficit with my grocery store because I buy products from them and they buy nothing from me in return. Using Trump’s logic I should tax myself and pay more the the groceries because a trade deficit exists lol

blackeyeblitzar

This is the argument that I was responding to, and repeating it isn’t a curious approach.

protimewaster

Whose economy, though?

ojbyrne

Or worse off.

downrightmike

Yeah, no country is going to be like "You've been punching us in the face for the last four years, but anyway, how can I bend over backwards and help you???" Basically, the admin is using every known trick in the book to break the economy and the standing of the USA as a world power.