Before Squid Game, there was Battle Royale
72 comments
·January 10, 2025keiferski
0xEF
I'm in your camp. Media like Squid Game annoy me to no end because they perpetuate the idea that any severe debt someone might be in is always the fault of the individual, rather than circumstance. And this, the system that continues to create student loans debt, housing debt, etc, goes relatively unacknowledged for another day.
As a result, I have trouble having any sympathy for characters portrayed in stuff like Squid Game. They brought it on themselves through their own greed, right? That is what we are supposed to think, I suppose. The show touches only mildly on why Player 456 needs to gamble on horses, showing that his mother is sick and that he is rather destitute after a failed marriage and being laid off, presumably unable to find different work. We're supposed to empathize with that position, but it certainly does not reflect my own debt struggle, nor that of anyone who is suffering the same fate I am which is driven by a lending system that turns us into indentured servants. I don't gamble or take any real financial risks. I just made the mistake of being born with a lifelong medical condition, trying to buy a house and a decent car, and put my kid through college, and I suddenly find myself in a very deep hole with zero chance of escaping before I die. Of course, on screen, that's not as sexy as debt from crime and gambling.
ralfd
Do Korea or Japan even have student loans or medical debt?
I think you are confusing these US specific phenomenons with global ones.
keiferski
Not sure it really matters that much. Squid Game is a global phenomenon and even though it’s ostensibly a Korean series, it’s pretty clearly funded by the very American corporation Netflix.
logicchains
Criticism of usury is a sensitive subject because it has in past unfortunately been associated with extreme racism.
robertlagrant
Why wouldn't it be? Tech companies, perhaps until very recently, have been extremely left-leaning.
And if you disagree that they were all very left wing: college being an overpriced scam is a conservative take! So either side will happily highlight that, although perhaps only one will suggest why that is.
powerhugs
> Tech companies, perhaps until very recently, have been extremely left-leaning.
You Americans really have lost the touch of reality with regards to politics, that's for sure.
Tech companies are the wealthiest and most powerful companies in the world. They do what they do in order to increase profit. Nothing left-leaning about that.
In a few days your new president and his gamer buddy takes office, and they both have their own social media networks.
robertlagrant
I'm not American. Please rethink how many silly biases and stereotypes inhabit your brain before replying to the next person's comment. I am not able rightly to apprehend the kind of confusion of ideas that could provoke such a response.
Matl
They're liberal on cultural issues, because it's an easy marketing win, (or at least was), they're not interested in any left-wing ideas that would give greater ownership of these companies to their employees for example.
> college being an overpriced scam is a conservative take!
Sure, the left wing take is to have high quality education paid for via tax dollars and thus being universally available, same as healthcare should be.
netdevphoenix
That's such an American thing to say. Tech companies are better described as neoliberal
keiferski
I think the other commenter is right in calling them neoliberal, not left wing. An economically left wing corporation is sort of an impossibility…but I don’t want to veer into that debate here.
To answer your question: because a good portion of a company like Netflix’s annual revenue is derived from credit card payments that are sort of “forgotten” monthly bills. These companies don’t benefit at all from a financially-literate and secure customer base.
kaoD
America's corporate seemingly managed to convince y'all that identity politics are "left".
First of all: identity politics are extremely right-leaning (for lack of a better term). Focusing on identity means focusing on the individual. There's nothing left-leaning on that. In fact it's the epitome of individualism when you're focused on what makes you different from them instead of focusing on what is common between the general population (which they are part of). Labeling it as left has been a very successful psy-op to create a controlled dissidence (which is not dissident at all).
Why do you think megacorps like Disney et al are so adamant on pushing this agenda? Everything a company does, everything, is calculated. This is not "neoliberalism" like sibling comments are mentioning. This is a very calculated power move to shift the narrative (and how it's labeled as "left" is proof that it succeeded).
The only alternative explanation would be that they're trying to capture a greater market share, but it has been proven time and time again that it has only led to flopping (by pushing away the majority of non-identitary people while not even capturing the already small minorities) and yet they still push for it. Why?
By making vast swaths of "revolutionary" youngsters (as all youngsters are) fight for this nonsensical cause, they have effectively suppressed any possibility of a real struggle for power that might topple the actual elites.
And as a neat side-effect this identitarism has managed to make the everyday man focus on their peers as the source of all their woes. Corpos like that. It prevents Mangiones that might take action against their actual oppressors. Energy is finite, so they're trying to make it be wasted on intra-class instead of inter-class politics.
Stop playing their game.
robertlagrant
> First of all: identity politics are extremely right-leaning (for lack of a better term). Focusing on identity means focusing on the individual. There's nothing left-leaning on that.
Identity politics, at least as I've seen them over and over again, look at identifying an individual's struggles / privileges / speech rules / etc through their membership of groups, not their individual struggles or advantages.
__alexs
Only a person who has no idea about left wing politics could describe tech companies as "extremely left wing." They are just boring old neoliberals.
robertlagrant
> Only a person who has no idea about left wing politics could describe tech companies as "extremely left wing."
I don't see the need for this sort of poor attitude in phrasing. I have some idea about left wing politics, and also have seen a lot of very left-leaning policies enforced at social media companies and other related companies. You might say some people are neoliberal, or being very left wing (or perhaps "progressive") between 2010-2020 was just the most money-making stance for a neoliberal, but that doesn't seem particularly relevant.
rgrieselhuber
Fabian socialism is all about wearing a neoliberal mask.
defrost
So extremely of the left they made the Wobblies look right wing! /s
https://www.plutobooks.com/9780745399591/wobblies-of-the-wor...
forgotoldacc
And before Battle Royale, there was Kaiji.
It's identical. People with debt invited to a game and a chance at loads of cash. People die in the game and some get enslaved. Rich people sit in another room and laugh while they watch people suffer. There's even a game where the "contestants" walk high up and fall to their deaths.
Then the main character gets called back into the game and you get a season 2.
jjmarr
https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/DeadlyGame
This dates back to at least Ancient Rome, where slaves would fight each other in the Colosseum for the amusement of spectators. Many people volunteered (actually seeking enslavement) because being a gladiator led to glory and riches.
Flamma was granted his freedom 4 times and refused it every time! He refused to quit and ended up dying in his 30s. The idea that someone would voluntarily rejoin the game show of death is very realistic.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamma
That being said, many gladiators didn't really have the skills to pursue a different career after retirement.
alterom
>That being said, many gladiators didn't really have the skills to pursue a different career after retirement.
Same applies to many, many soldiers — and it's not just about the skills.
It's just that things don't matter as much anymore outside of that environment.
0xEF
This was always so interesting to me, especially when I think back to being a kid. The neighborhood kids would hang out in nearby farms and fields, catching bugs, snakes and frogs...only to put them in jars or terrariums to see if they would fight. In retrospect, it seems positively sociopathic, but it was fun at the time (and spurred a lifelong interest in frogs, for me).
As an adult, it makes me wonder if that's what we were doing though; setting up gladiator games to try and feel a dominance over something in a world where we were constantly the bottom of the hierarchal ladder. The above step on the below, so to speak.
lynguist
Not only that but Squid Game is literally the “real live adaptation” of Kaiji; the creator has said that it (the initial concept, the premise, etc) is based on Kaiji (he said it’s inspired by a manga with the same theme).
The card game with the slave (I love that one) and the “waza” in the background when the main character doubts himself are some iconic missing adaptations. :)
Here is an online adaptation of it: https://e-card-kaiji.netlify.app/
imgabe
And before that there was The Running Man and The Long Walk both by Stephen King (as Richard Bachman) that were about deadly game shows / contests in futuristic dystopias.
forgotoldacc
There's "inspired by" media with similar concepts, then there's straight up copying it and not even bothering to change the content. Star Wars is inspired by westerns but adds its own flavor. Squid Game straight up copies Kaiji to the point that the only real difference is the language.
JoeyJoJoJr
> only real difference is the language
Kaiji is amount my favorite anime (I haven’t read the manga). It is very obvious the Squid Game creator borrowed heavily from Kaiji, and ripped off the overarching theme, but aside from the glass platform game was there really a lot else taken from Kaiji? Were there any other games or story arcs in the manga that were stolen?
(I haven’t seen season two of Squid Game yet btw).
gostsamo
Star wars is inspired by Dune quite directly.
arkh
The power of Kaiji is how the author via the main character thoughts go into the metagame of each game.
The art style is "special" but the content of the anime and the manga (because you'll want more of it) are top notch.
silisili
And before that was Hard Target, which is arguably a better story than both.
dudisubekti
Yeah I don't understand why people make the connection between Squid Games and Battle Royale.
Hunger Games is the one closer to Battle Royale, while Squid Games is just Kaiji with better presentation.
peteforde
While I fundamentally agree with you about the lineage, I can appreciate that there is a direct thread of artistically psychotic surrealism in Squid Game that feels inherited from Battle Royale.
The pink caskets (which might be my favourite visual element) feel like they would be at home in the world of Battle Royale, but IMO feel way too dark humor for Hunger Games.
Battle Royale and Squid Game both feature characters reaching quivering ecstacy when players die. My memory could be rose colored at this point, but Hunger Games just wasn't that dark.
ajmurmann
I always thought of Hunger Games as Battle Royale for children. The violence and darkness in general is so very stripped down. IMO that's what made Battle Royale and, as you point out, Squid Game interesting. I do think that's more common in Asian cinema and tv though.
JoeyJoJoJr
> Squid Games is just Kaiji with better presentation.
The presentation comparison is apples to oranges. Kaiji just wouldn’t work as live action (although they tried with a movie) as it relays heavily on the affordances of anime/manga as a medium to present Kaiji’s inner world and show visual metaphors for his emotions. Without that you take away the substance. It’s fair to say Squid Game steals a lot of themes and ideas from Kaiji, but it’s certainly not just Kaiji with different wrapping (unless there is something I am missing having not read the manga).
dudisubekti
I guess, it takes a lot of effort to do cross-medium adaptation. Personally I dropped the show mid-series because I have consumed similar stories (Kaiji, Liar's Game) so the show didn't sustain my interest. YMMV
That being said, I was thinking of the article when I wrote my comment, they should've featured Kaiji instead of Battle Royale since it's the main inspiration behind the show.
01HNNWZ0MV43FF
Because Kaiji is just less popular
echelon
That's the correct analogy and chronology.
Another one is Ready Player One borrowed from Sword Art Online, which borrowed from .hack, which borrowed from Serial Experiments Lain, which drew upon a rich pantheon of cyberpunk novels.
macleginn
If we're talking about the movie, RPO is roughly 40% Summer Wars.
hmcq6
Same, Battle Royale always seemed anti-government to me where Squid Games is very explicitly anti-capitalist.
I know there was a reward for winning and the fundamental reason for the Battle Royale was economic, but I always got the vibe the government was the problem.
Like, the kids in Battle Royale weren't exempt if they were rich, right? It was a lottery. Squid Game only appeals to people struggling under capitalism.
ajmurmann
Yes! Squid Game is voluntary and motivation is economic pressure or greed whereas Battle Royale is a randomly selected school class which is explicitly a punishment for young people.
Propelloni
Battle Royale was about curbing juvenile delinquency, no overt or fundamental economic reasons. So, same boat, Battle Royale is anti-authoritarian thus in the same line as Hunger Games. Squid Games is anti-capitalist thus in the Running Man (the novel, 1982) line.
kreco
Kaiji is a fantastic manga!
The atmosphere is quite unique and for 1996 it was so innovative.
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wodenokoto
While the comment section seems hell bent on pointing out other deadly game themed shows and movies, let's just take a moment to appreaciate how great a movie this is.
The setup is absolutely bonkers: Something, something, things are going bad in the future so we have children battle each other - even a seemingly well functioning class.
But to hell with that. It is quickly forgotten, once the game starts. Why the kids starts killing each other is much better shown in Battle Royale than why contestants in squid game accept the game.
VierScar
You don't remember the first episodes of Squid Game then - it's very clearly explained to you. The main character has a gambling problem, lost his job and has taken money from loan sharks who threaten to take a kidney and eye to sell if he doesn't pay up. He also has a mum who is late stage diabetic who can't afford amputation surgery or treatment, particularly as he cancelled the insurance for gambling money.
The antihero used Futures and committed fraud in a company, with the police after him and significant debts to repay as well.
That's why contestants in squid game join - they're all in so much debt that theyve even signed away rights to their body. That's why the contestants can get in and choose to stay.
makeitdouble
FWIW, dealing with misbehaving kids was a pretty serious issue in Japan at the time. A ton of pressure were put on them, and they diffused that pressure upon other kids, with pretty dire consequences (including deaths)
Of course the core issue isn't the kids, but that's not what the system was trying to solve. It evolve in a less bloody way (by instituting a system where teachers can basically dictate grades independent of test results), but Battle Royale is definitely a product of its time, and some teachers would probably have been totaly fine with that solution.
shortrounddev2
Sort of explains in the book that Battle Royale was a bureaucratic fuckup. Battle Royale takes place in an alternate reality where Japan didn't lose WW2 and the fascist government continued into the 21st century. Some time around the late 1940s, some politician facetiously suggested forcing the kids of Japan to kill each other as a kind of legislative poison pill, and through a series of parliamentary procedural events that nobody alive can particularly remember, it got passed into law. 50 years after the fact, it kept going simply because they had accepted it as a fact of life, which I think is a critique of how entrenched some of the more fucked up aspects of Japanese culture are
wodenokoto
A lot of stuff is apparently explained in the book that just happens for no reason in the movie. Especially the whole ending seems to be missing quite a few scenes to make any sense (I've read online that in the book it is actually explained)
My point is, those things actually don't need an explanation for the movie to be good. The director just said "fuck those details, let's get to where these kids gets weapons in hand"
rcxdude
Indeed. I think focusing on the social commentary in these kinds of films is kinda missing the point: it's simply one kind of setup to get to the premise of the film, a deadly free-for-all with arbitrary rules. It can hit or miss the mark on that without really affecting what the actual focus is.
riedel
Regarding gameshows in which you have to pay with your life there was a mockumentary called 'Das Millionenspiel' [0] from 1970 . People where rather shocked at the time.
euroderf
Sounds a bit like The Tenth Victim, a delightful specimen of 60s Italian science fictiony pop weirdness.
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NooneAtAll3
no
before Squid Game there was Liars' Game
and that one teaches muuuch better lesson - that players can cooperate so that nobody loses, no matter how much organizers want to make players clash with each other
hnlmorg
There’s literally hundreds of shows and movies.
What some people have missed is that this is its own sub-genre of horror.
You have shows like Alice in Borderland that doesn’t get nearly enough love (and is far better than Squid Games in my opinion).
Cube is a late 90s movie that’s on this theme too. You could argue the SAW movies are too, though I’m not personally a fan of those.
There are also plenty of comics on this theme too. The aforementioned Alice in Borderlands is based on a manga by the same title.
euroderf
Cube is a great lesson in budget filmmaking.
hunglee2
Wonderful movie adaptation. Remains so watchable, 3 decades afterward.
benreesman
I’d recommend anyone to learn about: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusako_Shigenobu
Hijacking a plane to North Korea is pretty fucking savage.
Nursie
And very shortly before the first season of Squid Game there was Alice In Borderland, which I enjoyed more.
A quick search shows me S3 is happening this year which makes my mind boggle because I though S2 wrapped that whole thing up nicely and completely.
0xCMP
They left a pretty heavy cliff-hangar in the very last few minutes of the last episode.
pandemic_region
I always thought AiB was inspired on Squid Game, surprised to hear it predates it! Love the series, it doesn't get the attention it deserves in the genre.
ludston
It's based on a manga. Or whatever the Korean equivalent is.
Nursie
Pretty sure S1 of AiB was out around a year earlier than SG, in 2020.
They both seem to go back a ways though - AiB is based on Manga that was serialised starting in 2010 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_in_Borderland
And SG was apparently first written in 2009.
And yes, I agree it should get more attention! There are obvious similarities, but AiB appeals to me more in its mysteriousness.
Tepix
Running man (1987) was an important film in this genre
arkh
But it suffers from being an adaptation of a Stephen King's book.
King is really good at making you live through the eyes of his protagonists. Which is really hard to do in movies. Same thing with Shining were you follow Jack's fall to craziness from his PoV. And the same thing will happen with "The Long Walk", another great novel which I recommend if you like the death game theme.
valorzard
There’s also danganronpa, which I am always seeing fanart of
rado
Check out Robert Altman’s Quintet (1979)
Over2Chars
Quintet was: “Terrible, boring, and pointless” - Q. Tarantino
https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/quentin-tarantino-robert-altman...
It’s a little odd to me how much media attention these shows are getting, yet how little debt, more specifically usurious interest rates that lead to inescapable debt, as a general factor of modern life is discussed.
I suppose most of the contestants in the shows are in debt because of gambling or overtly irresponsible decisions, but it would be more interesting IMO if the contestants were in debt from student loans, credit cards with 25% interest rates, medical debt, and so on. But I guess a show making that particular social critique isn’t going to get funded by a major studio or tech company.